tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90196565141891775852024-03-07T22:58:11.334-08:00ummykaltsumummykaltsumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10495470026535669050noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9019656514189177585.post-63258668106155143712011-01-19T23:01:00.001-08:002011-01-19T23:01:40.967-08:00etnofarmasi pada Kab.Takalar<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">UMMY KALTSUM DARWIS</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">150</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 209 225</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">KELAS </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">W4</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">/ KELOMPOK I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">LABORATORIUM FARMAKOGNOSI</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS FARMASI</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">MAKASSAR</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">20</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar Pengesahan</span></u></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">LAPORAN INI SEBAGAI SYARAT UNTUK MENGIKUTI UJIAN PRAKTIKUM</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">FARMAKOGNOSI I DAN TELAH DISETUJUI</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PADA TANGGAL,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 11 November 2010</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh :</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DOSEN / ASISTEN PEMBIMBING</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selfida S.Farm, Apt</span></u></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketua PKL Farmakognosi I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Iskandar Zulkarnain</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, S.Farm, Ap</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">t</span></u></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nip. 116 080 884</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengetahui,</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Koordinator Praktikum Farmakognosi I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim<span> </span>Indonesia</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asni Amin, S.Si, Apt, M.Farm</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></u></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nip. 116 020 771</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar Penilaian Ujian Komprehensif PKL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mahasiswa yang tercantum namanya dibawah iini :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Nama<span> </span>:<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">UMMY KALTSUM DARWIS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>NIM <span> </span>:<span> </span>1502</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">09225</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kelas<span> </span>:<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">W4</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">telah diuji dan dinilai oleh dosen/asisten penguji pada Laboratorium Farmakognosi I</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tanggal</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 14 November 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dosen / Asisten Penguji (nama dan paraf)<span> </span>Nilai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">……………………………………</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">…</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">……………………………………</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">…</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nilai rata-rata<span> </span>=………………………………………………...</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Dan dinyatakan <span> </span>lulus / tidak lulus * (coret yang tidak perlu)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ABSTRAK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ummy Kaltsum Darwis</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Pemeriksaan farmakognostik yaitu morfologi, anatomi dan kandungan kimia Akasia <i>(</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal Desa Bulukunyi </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kecematan Polebangkeng Selatan Kabupaten Takalar </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan <b>(Dibimbing oleh Selfida S.Farm,Apt</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan morfologi, anatomi dan identifikasi komponen kimia dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bau, rasa dan warna yaitu dengan uji organoleptis<span> </span>dan kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada tanaman akasia seperti </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">flavonoid, saponin, dan polifenol <span> </span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">untuk menunjang pengembangannya sebagai obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Penelitian ini berasal dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 24-26 september 2010 di Desa Bulukunyi, Kec, Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ABSTRACT</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ummy Kaltsum Darwis</span></b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">,<span> </span>The pharmacognostic assay include morphology, anatomy, and chemical compound identifity with color raction of akasia (</span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">) collected from Bulukunyi village, Distric of South Polebangkeng Takalar<span> </span>South . (Under supervisión of </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selfida S.Farm,Apt</span></b><b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This examination to mean for to do examination </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">morphology</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, anatomy and chemical compound identifity with color reaction that bewitchh for to know smell, feel and color that is organoleptis<span> </span>and reaction<span> </span>chemistry that can for of </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">example </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">saponin</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> saponin,</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">glukoside, alcoloid, tannin, dan calcium oxalate,</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> for to support development as traditional medicene.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 58.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This examination is from of Practical Work Guide was do it in date, 24-26 September 2010 in Bulukunyi Village, South-Polembangkeng, Takalar, South-sulawesi.<span> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Puji syukur kita ucapkan kehadirat Allah swt, yang mana telah memberikan kita hidayah, kekuatan, petunjuk, serta kesehatan yang melimpah ruah, sehingga pada hari ini akhirnya kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan etnofarmasi yang disusun sebagai dasar dan syarat mengikuti praktikum selanjutnya dan ujian komprehensif farmakognosi 1 ini. Dan tak lupa, kita hanturkan rasa kebersamaan kita, kecintaan kita, kepada Baginda Nabiyullah Muhammad saw,yang mana berkat beliau pulalah ilmu dan amal dalam agama islam dapat dicapai dan dihanturkan, berkat jasa-jasa serta pengorbanan beliau, shalawat serta salam kita tuntunkan beserta kepada keluarga dan para sahabatnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada kesempatan ini, dibuatlah laporan praktikum farmakognosi 1 dan laporan etnofarmasi sebagai wujud dan syarat mengikuti praktikum selanjutnya serta ujian komprehensif farmakognosi 1. Adapun hasil yang didapat bersumber dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24-26 september 2010, bertempat di Desa Bulukunyi, Kec.Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan sampel serta pemilihannya, diambil berdasarkan pengetahuan, perkembangan sampel, pemilihan identifikasi, serta tempatnya berupa hutan lindung didaerah tersebut. Setelah itu, akan dilakukan penelitian melalui herbarium dan simplisia, berdasarkan morfologi anatomi, kandungan kimia, klasifikasi, serta pemanfaatannya dalam produser obat-obatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada pembuatan laporan kali ini, tidak akan berhasil tanpa bantuan dari beberapa pihak, antara lain:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asisten pembimbing, yang senantiasa memberikan pengarahan kepada kami, atas ketidaktahuan kami, serta begitu setia mendampingi, membantu terhadap segala macam aspek kesulitan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Orang tua, sebagai aspek dasar yang terus memberikan dorongan serta penggunaan materi, sehingga laporan ini dapat terselesaikan dengan amat baik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teman-teman, baik itu sekelas maupun per Angkatan, bahkan dari kakak senior yang begitu berpengaruh dalam membantu serta kita saling membahu dalam menyusun makalah ini.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Di akhir kesempatan ini, kami berharap apa yang telah didapat dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan, Laporan, bahkan Hasil Praktikum pun, akan sangat bermanfaat nantinya bahkan dimasa dibutuhkannya pembuatan obat-obat baru sebagai pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Amin.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Halaman Judul</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar Pengesahan</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar Penilaian<span> </span>2</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Abstrak</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; 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font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>10</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daftar Gambar</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>11</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I<span> </span>Pendahuluan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>12</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Penelitian</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat Penelitian</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kontribusi Penelitian bagi IPTEK</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II<span> </span>Tinjauan Pustaka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.1<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi<span> </span>14</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.1.1<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Etnofarmasi dan ilmu yang terkait<span> </span>14</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.1</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.2 <span> </span>Sejarah dan Perkembangan Etnofarmasi di </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Wilayah <span> </span>Sul-Sel <span> </span>15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.1.3<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi Sulawesi Selatan<span> </span>16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.2<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang Desa Bulukunyi, Kecamatan Polembangkeng Selatan,Kabupaten Takalar.<span> </span>16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.2.1<span> </span>Letak Geografis<span> </span>16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.2.2<span> </span>Demografi Penduduk<span> </span>19</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.2.3<span> </span>Latar Belakang Pemilihan Lokasi Etnofarmasi<span> </span>21</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.2.4<span> </span>Kultur Budaya dan Etnofarmasi<span> </span>22</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.3<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang Tanaman dan Lokasi Tumbuh Tanaman Etnofarmasi<span> </span><span> </span>23</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III<span> </span><span> </span>KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL, HIPOTESIS DAN SKEMA KERJA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>3.1<span> </span>Kerangka Konseptual<span> </span>26</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>3.2<span> </span>Hipotesis<span> </span>26</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>3.3<span> </span>Skema Kerja<span> </span>26</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB IV<span> </span>MATERI DAN METODE PRAKTIKUM</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4.1<span> </span>Rancangan Praktikum<span> </span>28</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4.2<span> </span>Bahan Praktikum<span> </span>28</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4.3<span> </span>Waktu Praktikum<span> </span>28</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4.4<span> </span>Lokasi Praktikum<span> </span>28</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4.4<span> </span>Prosedur praktikum<span> </span>28</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB V<span> </span>HASIL</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.1 <span> </span>Tanaman Etnofarmasi Desa Bulukunyi, Kec.Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar<span> </span>32</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; 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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar 1.1<span> </span>Lambang Pemerintahan Kab.Takalar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar 1.2<span> </span>Peta Lokasi Kab.Takalar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.1 Latar Belakang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Plinus (Cajus Plinus Secundus Sr) berpendapat bahwa alam seisinya diciptakan oleh Tuhan, untuk kepentingan manusia. jadi adanya tumbuhan di atas bumi inipun dititik dari sudut keagamaan diciptakan oleh Tuhan untuk memenuhi keperluan-keperluan hidup, tertentu dari manusia, misalnya untuk memberi makan bahan obat-obatan, dan lain-lain, bahkan menurut Plinus<span> </span>semua tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai daya pengobatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Meskipun pada waktu sekarang banyak obat-obatan yang dibuat secara sintetik, tetapi tidak boleh kita abaikan arti tumbuhan sebagai penghasil bahan yang berkhasiat obat, seperti dapat kita lihat sendiri dari pengobatan, dan boleh dikatakan semua zat tersebut berasal dari tumbuhan, seperti antara lain : penicillin, streptomisin, kloromisetin, dan lain-lain. Kalau kita meninjau banyaknya tumbuhan yang bahannya dipakai dalam obat tradisional oleh mereka yang tak mengenal ilmu pengobatan modern, maka rasanya tinggal dilakukan suatu penyelidikan saja, dan macam-macam bahan tumbuhan itu memang beralasan, meskipun pemakaian dari bahan dasar ilmiah tidak digunakan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indonesia merupakan Negara yang agraris yang kaya akan floranya. Dimana flora-flora tersebut banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik sebagai tanaman hias maupun untuk pengobatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat-obatan, dalam bentuk tumbuh-tumbuhan dan mineral telah ada jauh lama dari manusianya sendiri, penyakit dari manusia dan naluri untuk mempertahankan hidup setelah bertahun-tahun, membawa kepada penemuan-penemuan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penggunaan obat-obatan walaupun dalam bentuk yang sederhana tidak diragukan lagi sudah berlangsung sejak jauh sebelum adanya sejarah yang ditulis karena naluri orang-orang primitif untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit pada luka dengan merendamnya dalam air dingin atau menempelkan daun segar pada luka tesebut atau menutupinya dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">l</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">umpur, hanya berdasarkan pada kepercayaan. Orang-orang primitif belajar dari pengalaman dan mendapatkan cara pengobatan yang satu lebih efektif dari yang lain, dari dasar permulaan ini pekerjaan terapi dengan obat dimulai.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.2. Rumusan Masalah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Bagaimana morfologi dan anatomi tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> ( </span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> ) serta bagaimana cara identifikasi kandungan kimia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.3. Tujuan Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh data farmakognosi dari tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">akasia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Acacia Auriculiformis)</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan kandungan kimia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.4. Manfaat Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Untuk memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang morfologi, anatomi, dan kandungan kimia tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">akasia</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i><span lang="IN">(</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai obat tradisional.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.5 Kontribusi Penelitian bagi IPTEK</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kontribusi penelitian inventarisasi tanaman bagi yakni ilmu pengetahuan dan morfologi, anatomi, fisiologi, serta kandungan kimia dan efek farmakologi dari tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat dalam masyarakat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.1 Tinjauan Tentang Etnofarmasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.1.1 Pengertian Etnofarmasi, dan ilmu yang terkait</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah studi tentang bagaimana masyarakat suatu etnis atau wilayah dalam menggunakan suatu tanaman obat atau ilmu multidisiplin yang mempelajari penggunaan obat-obatan terutama obat tradisional oleh suatu masyarakat lokal (etnik).. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasis merupakan orang yang mengeksplorasi bagaimana suatu tanaman digunakan sebagai pengobatan. Hal ini terkait dengan studi mengenai sediaan obat yang terkait dengan penggunaannya dalam konteks kultural. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> meliputi studi-studi:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -32pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>1. Identifikasi dan etnotaksonomi bahan alam yang digunakan dalam<span> </span>pengobatan (etnobiologi medis: </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, etnomikologi, etnozoologi).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.95pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2. Preparasi tradisional sediaan farmasi (etnofarmasetika).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -33.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>3. Evaluasi aksi farmakologis suatu preparasi pengobatan tertentu (etnofarmakologi).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.95pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4. Efektivitas klinis (</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> klinis).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>5. Aspek medis-sosial yang terkait dalam penggunaan obat (antropologi kesehatan).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>6. Kesehatan masyarakat dan farmasi praktis yang membahas penggunaan oleh publik dan atau re-evaluasi obat-obatan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Etnofarmasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> seringkali salah disamakan dengan etnofarmakologi yang hanya fokus pada evaluasi farmakologis pengobatan tradisional.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.1.2 Sejarah Perkembangan etnofarmasi di wilayah Sul-Sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanaman di kenal sebagai obat sudah sejak dahulu kala. Pada saat itu manusia purba memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai obat disertai dengan kepercayaan pada roh yang akan membantu. Tanaman juga digunakan sebagai bahan makanan hanya saja penanganan untuk obat dan makanan kurang terjaga kebersihannya (Attamimi, 2003).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seiring bertambahnya waktu, tumbuhan dikenal sebagai obat hanya bersifat turun temurun. Tanpa adanya kekuatan fakta yang tepat. Hanya berkembang dari adanya informasi dari nenek moyang yang telah digunakan berpuluh-puluh tahun<span> </span>(Attamimi, 2003).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedangkan di Indonesia sendiri, hal ini pun terjadi. Hanya informasi dari nenek moyang atau resep keluarga yang dipergunakan, tanpa ada fakta yang menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan itu benar-benar menyebutkan penyakit (Satronoamidjojo, 2001).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat yang demikian di Indonesia dikenal sebagai jamu dan memang jamu tersebut telah melalui uji klinis dan mempunyai keakuratan yang tepat. Dalam hal ini sangat berbeda dengan kondisi pada zaman dahulu di daerah Sulawesi Selatan<span> </span>yang hanya berdasarkan pada informasi dari nenek moyang dan disertai “baca-baca” yaitu kepercayaan animisme (Attamimi, 2003).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berhubungan dengan berbagai peristiwa, jamu asli Indonesia<span> </span>itu lambat laun semakin terdesak dengan adanya obat tradisional dari Negara lain misalnya, obat dari Cina. Hal ini juga disebabkan karena </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya pemikiran bahwa untuk apa bersusah payah ke hutan untuk mencari tumbuhan yang berkhasiat obat, padahal dapat dibeli di toko obat yang berupa pil, kapsul dan lain-lain (Satronoamidjojo, 2001)..</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.1.3 Etnofarmasi Sulawesi Selatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span style="color: black;">Obat sintesis berkembang dari abad pertengahan , dimana obat sintesis ini terbuat dari bahan-bahan kimia. Dimana obat ini memiliki keuntungan misalnya, praktis dalam sesi pembuatan, murah dan mudah dipergunakan. Sesuai bertambahnya waktu, ternyata obat ini memiliki efek samping yang sangat fatal<span> </span>(Attamimi, 2003).</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memang obat ini berkhasiat tetap dapat menimbulkan penyakit baru. Karena obat ini berupa bahan kimia yang tersimpan dalam tubuh dan terjadi penimbunan<span> </span>bahan kimia dalam tubuh<span> </span>dan akhirnya menimbulkan suatu penyakit baru. Dimana penyakit ini sangat sukar disembuhkan dan lebih parah dari penyakit sebelumnya (Satronoamidjojo, 2001).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari kenyataan tersebut, maka dalam dunia obat-obatan sekarang beralih untuk menjadikan obat-obat tradisional sebagai alternative. Dimana obat tersebut berasal dari tumbuhan dan pengemasannya dalam bentuk modern. Ini merupakan penggabungan tradisional dan modern (Attamimi, 2003).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.2 Tinjauan Tentang Desa Bulukunyi, Kec. Polembangkeng Selatan, Takalar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>2.2.1 Letak Geografis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kabupaten Takalar berada antara 5.3 - 5.33 derajat Lintang Selatan dan antara 119.22-118.39 derajat Bujur Timur. Kabupaten Takalar dengan ibukota Pattalasang terletak 29 km arah selatan dari Kota Makassar ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Luas wilayah Kabupaten Takalar adalah sekitar 566,51 km2, dimana 240,88 km2 diantaranya merupakan wilayah pesisir dengan panjang garis pantai sekitar 74 km.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian Utara Kabupaten Takalar berbatasan dengan Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa, bagian Timur berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Jeneponto dan Kabupaten Gowa, bagian Selatan dibatasi oleh Laut Flores, sementara bagian Barat dibatasi oleh Selat Makassar.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Wilayah Kabupaten Takalar terdiri dari 9 (sembilan) Kecamatan masing-masing : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Manggarabombang </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Mappakasunggu </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Polembangkeng Selatan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Polembangkeng Utara </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Galesong Selatan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Galesong Utara </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Pattalassang </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Galesong </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecamatan Sanrobone </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Topologi wilayah Kabupaten Takalar terdiri dari daerah pantai, daratan dan perbukitan. Bagian barat adalah daerah pantai dan dataran rendah dengan kemiringan antara 0-3 derajat sedang ketinggian ruang bervariasi antara 0-25, derajat sedang ketinggian ruang bervariasi antara 0-25, dengan batuan penyusun geomorfologi dataran didominasi pantai, batu gemping, terumbu dan tula serta beberapa tempat batuan lelehan basal.<u> </u></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kabupaten Takalar beriklim tropis dengan dua musim, yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Musim hujan biasa terjadi antara bulan Oktober sampai bulan Maret. Rata-rata curah hujan bulanan pada musim hujan berkisar antara 122,7 mm hingga 653,6 mm dengan curah tertinggi rata-rata harian adalah 27,9 C (Oktober) dan terendah 26,5 C( Januari – Februari) temperatur udara terendah rata-rata 22,2 hingga 20,4 C pada bulan Februari-Agustus dan tertinggi 30,5 hingga 33,9 C pada bulan September - Januari.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan letaknya geografisnya, Kabupaten Takalar dapat dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) bagian yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Kabupaten Takalar bagian </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Timur</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (meliputi wilayah P</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ole</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">mbangkeng Utara dan P</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ole</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">mbangkeng Selatan) adalah merupakan sebagian dataran rendah yang cukup subur dan sebagian merupakan daerah bukit-bukit (Gunung Bawakaraeng). Wilayah ini merupakan daerah yang cocok untuk pertanian dan perkebunan.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Kabupaten Takalar bagian </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tengah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (wilayah Pattalassang;ibukota Takalar) merupakan dataran rendah dengan tanah relatif subur sehingga di wilayah ini merupakan daerah yang cocok untuk pertanian, perkebunan dan pertambakan.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Kabupaten Takalar bagian </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Barat</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> ( meliputi Mangarabombang, Galesong Utara, Galesong Selatan, Galesong Kota, Mappakasunggu dan Sanro</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">one) adalah merupakan sebagian dataran rendah yang cukup subur untuk pertanian dan perkebunan, sebagian merupakan daerah pesisir pantai yang cocok untuk pertambakan dan perikanan laut. Potensi ikan terbang, telur ikan terbang, dan rumput laut di wilayah ini diduga cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Potensi sumber daya alam Kabupaten Takalar meliputi perikanan laut, pertanian, perkebunan dan peternakan. Luas areal budidaya ikan pada tahun 2006 sekitar 4.856 ha, budidaya tambak dengan luas 4.343 ha yang tersebar di hampir setiap kecamatan Produksi ikan laut di Kabupaten Takalar pada tahun 2006 mencapai 26.776 ton. Selain itu Kabupaten Takalar dikenal sebagai penghasil ikan terbang dan rumput laut. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam Program Gerbang Emas Kabupaten Takalar sangat potensial dijadikan sebagai pusat inkubator pengembangan rumput laut.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kabupaten Takalar adalah salah satu dari wilayah penyanggah kota Makassar. </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimana Kota Makassar adalah ibu kota sekaligus pusat ekonomi Sulawesi Selatan dan kawasan Indonesia Timur. Bidang wilayah penyanggah bagi Kabupaten Takalar dapat bernilai positif secara ekonomis, jika Kabupaten Takalar dapat mengantisipasi dengan baik kejenuhan perkembangan kegiatan industri Kota Makassar. Yaitu dengan menyediakan lahan alternatif pembangunan kawasan industri yang representatif, kondusif, dan strategis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Gambar 1.1 : lambang Pemerintahan Kab.Takalar)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>II.2.2 Demografi Penduduk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Potensi sumber daya alam Kabupaten Takalar meliputi perikanan laut, pertanian, perkebunan dan peternakan. Luas areal budidaya ikan pada tahun 2006 sekitar 4.856 ha, budidaya tambak dengan luas 4.343 ha yang tersebar di hampir setiap kecamatan Produksi ikan laut di Kabupaten Takalar pada tahun 2006 mencapai 26.776 ton. Selain itu Kabupaten Takalar dikenal sebagai penghasil ikan terbang dan rumput laut. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam Program Gerbang Emas Kabupaten Takalar sangat potensial dijadikan sebagai pusat inkubator pengembangan rumput laut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kabupaten Takalar adalah salah satu dari wilayah penyanggah kota Makassar. </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimana Kota Makassar adalah ibu kota sekaligus pusat ekonomi Sulawesi Selatan dan kawasan Indonesia Timur. Bidang wilayah penyanggah bagi Kabupaten Takalar dapat bernilai positif secara ekonomis, jika Kabupaten Takalar dapat mengantisipasi dengan baik kejenuhan perkembangan kegiatan industri Kota Makassar. Yaitu dengan menyediakan lahan alternatif pembangunan kawasan industri yang representatif, kondusif, dan strategis. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Se</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">bagian dari wilayah Kabupaten </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Takalar</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan daerah pesisir pantai, yaitu sepanjang </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">74</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Km meliputi Kecamatan </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mangarabombang</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Kecamatan </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mappakasunggu, Kecamatan SandraBone</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Kecamatan </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Galesong Selatan, Kecamatan Galesong Kota</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan Kecamatan </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Galesong Utara</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sebagai wilayah pesisir yang juga telah difasilitasi dengan pelabuhan walaupun masih pelabuhan sederhana maka Kabupaten Takalar memiliki akses perdagangan regional, nasional bahkan internasional.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keunggulan geografis ini menjadikan Takalar sebagai alternatif terbaik untuk investasi atau penanaman modal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan fasilitas pelabuhan yang ada, Takalar memiliki potensi akses regional maupun nasional sebagai pintu masuk baru untuk kegiatan industri dan perdagangan untuk kawasan Indonesia Timur setelah Makassar mengalami kejenuhan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian pula dengan dukungan sarana dan prasarana transportasi darat, seperti; akses jalan menuju kota Makassar, jarak yang relatif tidak jauh dari pelabuhan Soekarno-Hatta Makassar, jalan beraspal dan sarana transportasi laut yang memadai berupa pelabuhan atau dermaga, Takalar siap menunjang aktivitas berdagangan dalam taraf internasional</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Total produksi padi di Takalar mencapai 118.249 ton. Produksi padi sawah terbesar terdapat di Kecamatan Manggarabombang, Polombangkeng Selatan, dan Galesong Selatan. Produksi palawija seperti jagung mencapai 24.904 ton banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Manggarabombang dan Polombangkeng Utara sedangkan ubi kayu 20.983 ton banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Manggarabombang dan Polombangkeng Utara. Hasil ubi jalar yang mencapai 8.867 ton berasal dari Polombangkeng Selatan dan Polombangkeng Utara sedangkan kacang hijau 2.989 ton banyak terdapat di Mappakasunggu, Polombangkeng Utara, dan Galesong Utara. <br />
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Jenis sayuran dari Takalar berupa bawang merah, ketimun, sawi, dan kacang. Keempat jenis sayuran ini mudah dijumpai di pasar-pasar tradisional. Klaster bawang merah di Kecamatan Manggarabombang, ketimun di Polombangkeng Utara dan Galesong Selatan, sawi di Kecamatan Galesong Selatan, Galesong Utara sedangkan kacang panjang di Kecamatan PolombangkengUtara. <br />
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Jika kita menyusuri jalan desa di Takalar maka kita akan banyak menjumpai perkebunan kelapa dan jambu mete. Perkebunan kelapa banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Manggarabombang, Mappakasunggu, dan Galesong Utara sedangkan perkebunan jambu mete di Polombangkeng Selatan dan Polombangkeng Utara. Selain perkebunan, Takalar juga memiliki perikanan tambak. Meskipun hasil tambak tidak sebesar hasil laut hal ini disebabkan oleh terkonsentrasinya tambak di Kecamatan Mappakasunggu. <br />
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Peternakan Sapi banyak diternak di Polombangkeng Utara, Kerbau banyak dihasilkan dari Manggarabombang, Mappakasunggu, dan Polombangkeng Utara. Peternakan Kambing banyak di Manggarabombang dan Mappakasunggu. Selain itu, daerah ini juga memiliki peternakan Ayam Buras. Untuk peternakan Ayam Ras terdapat di Kecamatan Polombangkeng Utara dan Galesong Utara.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.2.3 Latar Belakang Pemilihan Lokasi Etnofarmasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Jenis Tanah : Tanah di Kabupaten Takalar didominasi jenis tanah Latosol dan Mediteran. Secara spesifik terdiri atas tanah Alluvial Hidromorf coklat kelabu dengan bahan induk endapan liat pasir terdapat dipesisir pantai dan sebagian di daratan bagian utara. Sedangkan tanah regosol dan mediteran terdapat pada daerah-daerah bergelombang sampai berbukit di wilayah bagian barat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2.2.4 Kultur Budaya dan Etnofarmasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Penduduk di Kabupaten Takalar dari berbagai macam suku bangsa sebahagian besar adalah suku Bugis, dan Makassar. Selain itu terdapat juga satu suku yang masih memegang teguh tradisi leluhur dengan mempertahankan pola hidup tradisional yang bersahaja dan jauh dari kehidupan modern, yakni Suku Kajang. Demikian juga dengan para pendatang di Kabupaten Takalar mereka juga ikut berbaur dengan adat istiadat daerah ini sehingga adat istiadat/kebudayaan di Kabupaten Takalar<span> </span>tetap lestari, baik dalam upacara adat, upacara tradisional serta berbagai bentuk kebudayaan lainnya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><b><i><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Prosesi Ritual Maudu Lompoa antara lain ;<br />
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<b><i>A’je’ne’-je’ne’ Sappara : </i></b>Prosesi awal yang wajib dilakukan oleh masyarakat Cikoang yang akan melakukan Maudu Lompoa. Proses ini hanya dilakukan pada tanggal 10 Bulan Syafar setiap tahunnya, dalam proses mandi ini dipimpin oleh ‘Anrong Guru’ yang diikuti oleh ribuan warganya dengan tujuan atau dipercaya dapat membersihkan jiwa dan raga dari najis.<br />
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<b><i>Annyongko Jangang : </i></b>Proses menangkap dan mengurung ayam yang akan digunakan dalam acara Maudu Lompoa. Proses mengurung ayam ini berlangsung selama 40 hari 40 malam dan bertujuan untuk menghindari atau membersihkan ayam dari kotoran-kotoran yang mengandung najis baik makanannya maupun tempatnya.<br />
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<b><i>Angnganang Baku : </i></b>Proses membuat tempat menyimpan makanan yang akan digunakan dalam Maudu Lompoa. Bakul tersebut dari daun lontar, proses ini tidak boleh dilakukan oleh wanita haid serta pembuatannya hanya boleh berlangsung dalam bulan Syafar.<br />
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<b><i>Anggalloi Ase : </i></b>Proses menjemur padi. Dalam proses ini padi dijemur dalam lingkaran pagar untuk menghindarkan padi dari sentuhan najis yang dibawa oleh binatang. Proses ini hanya boleh berlangsung pada bulan Rabiul Awal.<br />
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<b><i>A’dengka Ase : </i></b>Proses menumbuk padi hanya dilakukan pada bulan Rabiul Awal. Dalam proses ini tidak diperbolehkan menggunakan mesin melainkan hanya menggunakan lesung.<br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.3 Tinjauan Tentang Tanaman dan Lokasi Tumbuh Tanaman Etnofarmasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kegiatan Pembangunan Areal Model Tanaman Unggulan Lokal dengan Sistem Silvikultur Intensif jenis Bitti dilaksanakan di lokasi Ujungbori Puaang, Desa Bulukunyi, Kec. Pol-Sel, Kabupaten Takalar. Lokasi tersebut sengaja dipilih dengan pertimbangan bahwa kawasan Ujung Bori adalah hutan produksi yang cukup kritis. Bitti merupakan jenis tanaman endemik yang banyak tumbuh di daerah tersebut sehingga perlu dilestarikan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Di lokasi tersebut kini telah banyak di kapling/diklaim menjadi milik warga dan ditanami cengkeh dan sengon dengan asumsi telah dikelola secara turun-temurun. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kawasan tersebut berbatasan langsung dengan hutan adat ”Amatoa” masyarakat suku Kajang. Mayoritas masyarakat desa ujung bori<span> </span>berasal dari suku Makassar dan beragama Islam.<br />
Desa Bulukunyi memiliki wilayah seluas ± 850 Ha secara administrative masuk kedalam wilayah kecamatan Pol-Sel dan dipimpin oleh seorang Kepala Desa Bpk. Paharuddin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kecamatan Polembangkeng Selatan terdiri dari:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kel. Canrego</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kel. Pa’bundukang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kel. Pattene</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kel. Bontokadatto</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kel. Bulukunyi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Desa. Cakura</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Desa Moncongkomba</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Desa Lantang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun mata pencaharian penduduk kebanyakan masih bergantung pada sektor pertanian dan perkebunan (92%), selain itu ada juga yang berprofesi sebagai Wiraswasta, Pedagang, Jasa, PNS, TNI/POLRI, buruh, sopir, tukang, petani dan sebagainya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Peta lokasi Bulukunyi, Kab. Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan</span></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Gambar 1.2 : Peta Lokasi Kab.Takalar) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL, HIPOTESIS, SKEMA KERJA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.1 Kerangka Konseptual</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>Inventarisasi tanaman obat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>¯</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Survey tanaman obat di kelurahan bulukunyi, kecamatan Polembangkeng</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>¯</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Melalui wawancara dengan batra, pasien, dan masyarakat desa setempat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>¯</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span><span> </span>Pengarsipan data</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Tabel 1.1 : Kerangka konseptual Tanaman Akasia)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.2 Hipotesis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kandungan kimia akar, daun, dan buah <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> mengandung saponin, disamping itu daun dan buahnya mengandung flavonoida dan buahnya juga mengandung polifenol. Berkhasiat sebagai obat demam dan obat perut mulas<span> </span></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.4pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.3 Skema Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"> </div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Pemilihan lokasi Etnofarmasi </div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span> <br clear="ALL" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">mendeskripsikan penyakit kemudian dikomunikasikan dengan tabib tradisional dengan melakukan proses wawancara</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Pengambilan tanaman di Lokasi</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">diuji laboratorium</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Menyeleksi tanaman yang berkhasiat</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">dikomunikasikan dengan tabib tradisional dengan melakukan proses wawancara</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><br clear="ALL" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Tabel 1.2 : Skema Kerja Pemilihan Tanaman Akasia)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB IV</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">MATERI DAN METODE PRAKTIKUM</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.1 Rancangan Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Adapun rancangan praktikum disesuaikan dengan pembentukan hasil dan skema kerja yang telah diprosedurkan sebelumnya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.2 Bahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Adapun bahan yang digunakan dalam praktikum ini sampel Tanaman Akasia (<i>Acacia Auriculiformis).</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.3 Waktu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Adapun waktu pelaksaan praktek kerja lapangan ini adalah hari Jum’at tanggal 24-26 September 2010.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.4 Lokasi Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Praktikum ini di laksanakan di Desa Bulukunyi, Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5 Prosedur Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembuatan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 84.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengambilan Sampel, Bahan penelitian berupa daun, batang, dan akar dari tanaman</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i><span>)</span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">iambil pada jam 10.00 pagi di Kabupaten </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Takalar</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Sulawesi Selatan.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 84.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengolahan Bahan, Bahan penelitian berupa daun yang telah diambil, dikeringkan dalam ruangan yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung, setelah kering dipotong-potong kecil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>2. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 84.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik Tumbuhan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Pemeriksaaan morfologi tumbuhan dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk fisik dari akar, batang, dan daun dari tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia Auriculiformis</i>)</span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">kemudian dilakukan pengambilan gambar, dan diidentifikasi lebih lanjut berdasarkan kunci determinasi menurut literatur.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 84.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemeriksaan Anatomi Tumbuhan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk sel dan jaringan pada tumbuhan pada bagian penampang melintang dan membujur dari akar, batang dan daun dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Sedangkan simplisia kering serbuk untuk melihat fragment-fragment dari tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia Auriculiformis</i>)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang digunakan untuk obat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 84.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemeriksaan Organoleptis Tumbuhan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemeriksaan organoleptis tumbuhan dilakukan untuk mengamati warna, bau, dan rasa dari bagian tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia Auriculiformis</i>)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">yang masih segar meliputi akar, batang, dan daun.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia (Dirjen POM, 1989)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Lignin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Irisan atau serbuk dibasahi dengan larutan Fluroglusin P. Diperiksa dalam HCl P, dinding sel yang berlignin akan berwarna merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Tanin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Katekol</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 127.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk dibasahi dengan FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1 N, jika mengandung katekol akan menghasilkan warna hijau.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 127.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk ditambahkan dengan larutan Brom, jika mengandung katekol akan menjadi endapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Pirogalotanin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 127.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk dibasahi dengan FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1 N, jika mengandung pirogalotanin akan menghasilkan warna biru.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 127.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk ditambahkan dengan larutan Brom, jika mengandung pirogalotanin tidak terjadi endapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 127.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk ditambahkan NaOH, jika menghasilkan warna merah coklat berarti mengandung pirogalotanin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Dioksiantrakinon</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedikit serbuk dimasukkan kedalam tabung reaksi, lalu ditetesi dengan KOH 10 % P b/v dalam etanol 95% P, jika mengandung Dioksiantrakinon akan menghasilkan warna merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Alkaloid</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekstrak metanol tumbuhan srigading dimasukkan ke dalam masing-masing tabung reaksi kemudian ditetesi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HCl 0,5 N dan pereaksi Mayer, jika mengandung alkaloid akan menghasilkan endapan kuning.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HCl 0,5 N dan pereaksi Bauchardat, jika mengandung alkaloid akan menghasilkan endapan coklat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HCl 0,5 N dan pereaksi Dragendorf, jika mengandung alkaloid akan menghasilkan endapan jingga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Fenol</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedikit serbuk dimasukkan vial ditambahkan air, lalu ditutup dengan kaca objek yang di atasnya diberi kapas yang telah dibasahi dengan air, kemudian dipanaskan. Uap yang diperoleh diambil dan FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1, jika mengandung Fenol akan menghasilkan biru hitam.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedikit serbuk dimasukkan kedalam tabung reaksi, lalu ditetesi dengan H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Pekat dan dalam larutan Formalin 1% P, jika mengandung Fenol akan menghasilkan warna biru hitam.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Steroid</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekstrak eter dalam tabung reaksi kemudian ditetesi dengan pereaksi Liebermann-Buchard jika mengandung steroid akan menghasilkan warna biru sampai hijuau.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Karbohidrat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbu dikocok dengan air lalu dimasukkan dalam tabung reaksi ditetesi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preaksi Mollish, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan cincin ungu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preaksi Luff, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan endapan merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preaksi Fehling A dan Fehling B, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan endapan kuning jingga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Pati dan Aleuron</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk ditempatkan di atas kaca objek, kemudian ditetesi dengan larutan iodne 0,1 N, jika mengandung pati akan berwarna biru dan warna kuning coklat jika mengandung Aleuron.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sedikit serbuk dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi lalu ditetesi dengan pereaksi Luff dan dipanaskan, jika mengandung pati akan menghasilkan endapan merah bata.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>9)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi Identifikasi Terhadap Saponin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Serbuk dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi, tambahkan 10 ml air panas, dinginkan kemudian kocok kuat-kuat selama 10 detik, terbentuk buih, lalu tambahkan 1 tetes HCl 2 N, buih tidak hilang maka sampel mengandung saponin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>10)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Identifikasi dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ekstrak metanol, ekstrak eter, dan ekstrak n-Butanol yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan secara kromatografi lapis tipis. Untuk ekstrak eter, digunakan eluan n-heksan : etil asetat sedangkan untuk ekstrak n-butanol digunakan eluen etil asetat : aseton + asam asetat dengan perbandingan yang sesuai, setelah itu dilihat di lampu UV 254 nm dan 356 nm dan disemprot dengan penampak bercak larutan asam sulfat 10% Liebermann-Bauchardat, dan Dragendrot.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -22.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB V</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -22.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HASIL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.1<span> </span>Tanaman Etnofarmasi Desa Bulukunyi, Kec.Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanggal Survei<span> </span>: 25 September 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 130.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -103.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lokasi Survei<span> </span>: Desa Ujung bori,Kecamatan Bulukunyi, Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis Survei<span> </span>: Wawancara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Pengobatan / Khasiat Farmakologi : Penyakit Kulit </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Tabel 2.1 : Jenis Tanaman Obat Tradisional Daerah Etnofarmasi)</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; width: 715px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 44.6pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama Tanaman</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama Daerah</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian yg Digunakan</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Khasiat/ Kegunaan</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cara Pemakaian</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 44.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber Survei</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 93.1pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Temulawak</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i>)</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tammu’</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rimpang</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alergi dan eksim, sakit maag, dan sakit limfa.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rebus rimpang, temulawak + air, minum airnya.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 93.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 89.9pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brotowali</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Tinospora Crispa)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Brotowali</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Batang</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gatal, kudis, luka, dan demam.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rebus 20 cm + air, air rebusan dipakai mandi.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 89.9pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 68.2pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sambiloto</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Andrographis panniculata)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sambiloto</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun/ tanaman utuh</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Disentri, diare, flu.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanaman + air, lalu rebus, minum air rebusan.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 68.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 74.1pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kamboja</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Plumeria acuminate)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kamboja</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga, Kulit, getah, dan daun.</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bisul, disentri.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Remas daun segar, olesi minyak lalu tempel pada bisul.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 74.1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 91.7pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelapa</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>coccus nucifera)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaluku</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Panas, demam, alergi.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Air kelapa diminum.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 91.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 90.4pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pare</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Momordica Aleata)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Paria</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Batuk, ambeien, bisul.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun pare dicuci sedikit<span> </span>+ air. Peras, minum airnya.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 90.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 58.3pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.05pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelor</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Moringa oleifolia)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.65pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keloro</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun, akar</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 89.95pt;" valign="top" width="120"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Biduran, alergi</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.95pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tumbuk daun kelor dengan kapur lalu balurkan dengan kurap.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 58.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color black; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="0"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.6pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lidah Buaya</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Aloe vera)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lila buaja</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.25pt;" valign="top" width="95"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daging</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.75pt;" valign="top" width="121"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anti alergi, obat pencahar.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimasak dan Diminum.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="0"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.6pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengkudu</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Morinda Citrifolia)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Baya’</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.25pt;" valign="top" width="95"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Buah</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.75pt;" valign="top" width="121"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Batuk, Batuk karena pencahar</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Buah diparut + air, cuka + garam, minum air perasan.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="0"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.6pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jarak</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Richinus Communis)</i></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jarak</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.25pt;" valign="top" width="95"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.75pt;" valign="top" width="121"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gatal-gatal, bengkak, path tulang, lepra.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Panaskan daun, lalu remas2 dan tempel dibagian yang sakit.</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warga</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr height="0"> <td style="border: medium none;" width="0"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="48"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="1"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="131"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="1"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="89"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="1"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="95"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="120"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="1"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="131"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="1"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="93"><br />
</td> <td style="border: medium none;" width="3"><br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -22.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB VI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -22.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat tradisional adalah obat yang berasal dari bahan tumbuh-tumbuhan, hewan,mineral, atau sediaan galeriknya atau campuran dari bahan-bahan tersebut yang belum mempunyai data klinis dan dipergunakan dalam usaha pengobatan. Obat tradisional juga dikatakan campuran kompleks dari ekstrak tanaman dan insekta berbentuk amorf atau padat yang dibentuk dalam ruang-ruang zkizogen dan zlikozigen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat tradisional dalam masyarakat selain memiliki keuntungan juga memiliki kerugian. Adapun keuntungan dari obat tradisional yaitu, mudah diperoleh atau didapatkan, harganya terjangkau, efek samping yang ditimbulkan tidak terlalu berbahaya bahkan tidak menimbulkan efek samping sama sekali.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerugian obat tradisional yaitu tidak praktis dalam penggunaannya, penggunaan obat tradisional dalam tubuh menimbulkan reaksi yang lambat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Survey mengenai inventarisasi tanaman obat bertujuan agar kita mendapatkan informasi keanekaragaman obat yang ada pada suatu wilayah, mendapatkan informasi teknik dan cara penggunaan tanaman obat untuk pengobatan tradisional dan masyarakat terhadap obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Survey ini diadakan guna mengetahui bagaimana cara membudidayakan tanaman obat tradisional dan mengetahui penggolongan–penggolongan dari tanaman obat tersebut beserta khasiat yang terkandung di dalam tanaman obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari hasil survey diperoleh data inventarisasi yaitu ada beberapa jenis tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di desa Lembanna dalam pengobatan penyakit kulit <span style="color: black;">yaitu :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Temulawak (<i>Curcuma Xanthorrhiza)</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rebus rimpang, temulawak ditambah air, minum airnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Brotowali (<i>Tinospora crispa)</i>, rebus 20 cm ditambah air,lalu rebus, air rebusan<span> </span>dipakai mandi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Sambiloto (<i>Andrographis panniculata),</i> tanaman ditambah air, lalu rebus, minum air rebusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kamboja (<i>Plumeria acuminate), </i>remas daun segar, olesi minyak lalu tempel pada bisul.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kelapa (<i>Coccus nucifera),</i> air kelapa diminum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Pare (<i>Momordica aleata), </i><span> </span>daun pare dicuci sedikit ditambah air peras, minum airnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kelor (<i>Moringa oleifera),</i> tumbuk daun kelor dengan kapur lalu balurkan dengan kurap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Lidah buaya (<i>Aloe vera),</i> dimasak dan diminum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Mengkudu (<i>Morinda citrifolia),</i> buah diparut ditmbahkan air, cuka dan garam, minum air perasan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Jarak (<i>Richinus communis),</i> panaskan daun, lalu remas-remas dan tempel dibagian yang sakit. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB VII</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.1 Kesimpulan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Dari hasil inventarisasi tanaman obat, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ada beberapa jenis tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di desa Ujung bori dalam pengobatan penyakit yaitu <span style="color: black;">yaitu , Temulawak (<i>Curcuma Xanthorrhiza)</i>, </span>Brotowali (<i>Tinospora crispa),</i> Sambiloto (<i>Andrographis panniculata), </i>Kamboja (<i>Plumeria acuminate), </i>Kelapa (<i>Coccus nucifera), </i>Pare (<i>Momordica aleata), </i>Kelor (<i>Moringa oleifera), </i>Lidah buaya (<i>Aloe vera), </i>Mengkudu (<i>Morinda citrifolia), </i>dan Jarak (<i>Richinus communis).</i><span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.2 Saran</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diharapkan dalam praktikum maupun penyampaian tentang praktikum, serta tugas-tugas pembuatan dalam praktikum, agar disampaikan secara jelas dan riil, agar praktikan dapat dengan mudah dan efisien dalam menjalankannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Amin, A., 2010., <b><i>Penuntun Praktikum Farmakognosi</i></b>. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Makassar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Amin, A., 2010. <b><i>Penuntun Praktek Kerja Lapangan Praktikum Farmakognosi I</i></b>. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Makassar. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Attamimi., 2003., <b><i>Wawasan Ilmu Farmasi</i></b>. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Makassar.,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dharma, A.P. 1985. <b><i>Tanaman Obat Tradisional Indonesia</i></b>. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">PN Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mirawati., 2005., <b><i>Penuntun Praktikum Farmaseutik</i></b>. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Makassar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sastronoamidjojo., 2001.,<b> <i>Obat Asli Indonesia</i></b>. Dian Rakyat, Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Tjay Tan Hoan., 2002., <b><i>Obat-obat penting Edisi V</i></b>. PT. Elex Media Komparindo. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><br />
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</div>ummykaltsumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10495470026535669050noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9019656514189177585.post-39310277469182688522011-01-19T22:04:00.005-08:002011-01-19T22:04:17.337-08:00laporan PKL simplisia Akasia Herba<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lembar Penilaian Ujian Komprehensif PKL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mahasiswa yang tercantum namanya dibawah iini :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Nama<span> </span>:<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">UMMY KALTSUM DARWIS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>NIM <span> </span>:<span> </span>1502</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">09225</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kelas<span> </span>:<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">W4</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">telah diuji dan dinilai oleh dosen/asisten penguji pada Laboratorium Farmakognosi I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tanggal</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 14 november</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 20</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dosen / Asisten Penguji (nama dan paraf)<span> </span>Nilai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">……………………………………….<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………..<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">………………………………………<span> </span>………………….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nilai rata-rata<span> </span>=………………………………………………...</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Dan dinyatakan <span> </span>lulus / tidak lulus * (coret yang tidak perlu)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ABSTRAK</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ummy Kaltsum Darwis</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Pemeriksaan farmakognostik yaitu morfologi, anatomi dan kandungan kimia Akasia <i>(</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal Desa Bulukunyi </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Kecematan Polebangkeng Selatan Kabupaten Takalar </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan <b>(Dibimbing oleh Selfida S.Farm,Apt</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan morfologi, anatomi dan identifikasi komponen kimia dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bau, rasa dan warna yaitu dengan uji organoleptis<span> </span>dan kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada tanaman akasia seperti </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">flavonoid, saponin, dan polifenol <span> </span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">untuk menunjang pengembangannya sebagai obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Penelitian ini berasal dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 24-26 september 2010 di Desa Bulukunyi, Kec, Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ABSTRACT</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ummy Kaltsum Darwis</span></b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">,<span> </span>The pharmacognostic assay include morphology, anatomy, and chemical compound identifity with color raction of akasia (</span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">) collected from Bulukunyi village, Distric of South Polebangkeng Takalar<span> </span>South . (Under supervisión of </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selfida S.Farm,Apt</span></b><b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This examination to mean for to do examination </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">morphology</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, anatomy and chemical compound identifity with color reaction that bewitchh for to know smell, feel and color that is organoleptis<span> </span>and reaction<span> </span>chemistry that can for of </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akasia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Acacia Auriculiformis</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">example </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">saponin</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> saponin,</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">glukoside, alcoloid, tannin, dan calcium oxalate,</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> for to support development as traditional medicene.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 58.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This examination is from of Practical Work Guide was do it in date, 24-26 September 2010 in Bulukunyi Village, South-Polembangkeng, Takalar, South-sulawesi.<span> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Puji syukur kita ucapkan kehadirat Allah swt, yang mana telah memberikan kita hidayah, kekuatan, petunjuk, serta kesehatan yang melimpah ruah, sehingga pada hari ini akhirnya kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan etnofarmasi yang disusun sebagai dasar dan syarat mengikuti praktikum selanjutnya dan ujian komprehensif farmakognosi 1 ini. Dan tak lupa, kita hanturkan rasa kebersamaan kita, kecintaan kita, kepada Baginda Nabiyullah Muhammad saw,yang mana berkat beliau pulalah ilmu dan amal dalam agama islam dapat dicapai dan dihanturkan, berkat jasa-jasa serta pengorbanan beliau, shalawat serta salam kita tuntunkan beserta kepada keluarga dan para sahabatnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada kesempatan ini, dibuatlah laporan praktikum farmakognosi 1 dan laporan etnofarmasi sebagai wujud dan syarat mengikuti praktikum selanjutnya serta ujian komprehensif farmakognosi 1. Adapun hasil yang didapat bersumber dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24-26 september 2010, bertempat di Desa Bulukunyi, Kec.Polembangkeng Selatan, Kab.Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan sampel serta pemilihannya, diambil berdasarkan pengetahuan, perkembangan sampel, pemilihan identifikasi, serta tempatnya berupa hutan lindung didaerah tersebut. Setelah itu, akan dilakukan penelitian melalui herbarium dan simplisia, berdasarkan morfologi anatomi, kandungan kimia, klasifikasi, serta pemanfaatannya dalam produser obat-obatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada pembuatan laporan kali ini, tidak akan berhasil tanpa bantuan dari beberapa pihak, antara lain:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Asisten pembimbing, yang senantiasa memberikan pengarahan kepada kami, atas ketidaktahuan kami, serta begitu setia mendampingi, membantu terhadap segala macam aspek kesulitan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Orang tua, sebagai aspek dasar yang terus memberikan dorongan serta penggunaan materi, sehingga laporan ini dapat terselesaikan dengan amat baik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teman-teman, baik itu sekelas maupun per Angkatan, bahkan dari kakak senior yang begitu berpengaruh dalam membantu serta kita saling membahu dalam menyusun makalah ini.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Di akhir kesempatan ini, kami berharap apa yang telah didapat dari Praktek Kerja Lapangan, Laporan, bahkan Hasil Praktikum pun, akan sangat bermanfaat nantinya bahkan dimasa dibutuhkannya pembuatan obat-obat baru sebagai pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Amin.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Halaman Judul</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lembar Pengesahan</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lembar Penilaian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Abstrak</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kata Pengantar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daftar Isi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daftar Tabel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daftar Gamba</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">r</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I<span> </span>Pendahuluan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Latar Belakang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kontribusi Penelitian bagi IPTEK</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II<span> </span>Tinjauan Pustaka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.1<span> </span>Sistematika Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.2<span> </span>Nama Daerah Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.3<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.4<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.5<span> </span>Kandungan Kimia Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.6<span> </span>Kegunaan Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.1.7<span> </span>Bioaktifitas Tanaman</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.1<span> </span>Pengertian dan Sejarah Farmakognosi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2<span> </span>Ruang Lingkup Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.1<span> </span>Identifikasi dan Determinasi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.2<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.3<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.5<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Mutu dan Standarisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3<span> </span>Tinjauan Tentang Sinplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.1<span> </span>Pengertian Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.2<span> </span>Penggolongan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.3<span> </span>Cara Pembuatan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.4<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Mutu Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia Secara Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.1<span> </span>Penggolongan Tanaman Berdasarkan Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.2<span> </span>Kegunaan Umum Tanaman Berdasarkan Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.3<span> </span>Cara Mengidentifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>a. Reaksi Warna</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>b. Reaksi Pengendapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>c. Kromatografi Lapis Tipis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III<span> </span>Kerangka Konseptual, Hipotesis, dan Skema Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1<span> </span>Kerangka Konseptual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2<span> </span>Hipotesis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.3<span> </span>Skema Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB IV<span> </span>Materi dan Metode Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1<span> </span>Bahan, Alat dan Instrumen Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.1.1<span> </span>Bahan Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.1.2<span> </span>Bahan Kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.1.3<span> </span>Alat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.1.4<span> </span>Instrumen</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.2<span> </span>Lokasi Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3<span> </span>Prosedur Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1.1<span> </span>Identifikasi dan Determinasi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.3.1.1.1<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.3.1.1.2<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1.2<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.3.1.2.1<span> </span>Pengambilan simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.3.1.2.2<span> </span>Pembuatan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>4.3.1.2.3<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Mutu Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>a. Organoleptik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>b. Makroskopik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span>c. Mikroskopik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.1<span> </span>Lignin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.2<span> </span>Suberin, kutin, minyak lemak, minyak atsiri, getah dan<span> </span>resin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.3<span> </span>Pati danAleuron</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.4<span> </span>Lendir dan pectin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.5<span> </span>Selulosa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.6<span> </span>Zat samak / Tanin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.7<span> </span>Turunan Katekol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.8<span> </span>Dioksiantrakinon bebas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.9<span> </span>Fenol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.10<span> </span>Saponin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.11<span> </span>Flavonoid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.12<span> </span>Karbohidrat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.13<span> </span>Glikosida</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.14<span> </span>Glikosida Antrakinon</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.15<span> </span>Steroid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.16<span> </span>Alkaloida</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V<span> </span><span> </span>Hasil Pengamatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>5.1<span> </span>Identifikasi dan Determinasi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>5.2<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>5.3<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>5.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB 6<span> </span>Pembahasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB 7<span> </span>Penutup</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>7.1<span> </span>Kesimpulan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>7.2<span> </span>Saran</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daftar Pustaka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR TABEL</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 1.1 <span> </span>Identifikasi kandungan kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tabel 3.1 <span> </span>Skema kerangka konseptual</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabel 3.2<span> </span><span> </span>Skema Kerja<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR GAMBAR</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 1.1 <span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman Akasia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.1<span> </span>Daun Membujur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.2<span> </span>Daum Melintang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.3<span> </span>Akar Membujur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2.4<span> </span>Akar Melintang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Latar Belakang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penggunaan tanaman sebagai obat sudah dikenal luas baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Di Asia dan Afrika 70-80% populasi masih tergantung pada obat tradisional sebagai pengobatan primer. Penggunaan obat tradisional disebabkan kepercayaan masyarakat bahwa obat tradisional berbahan alami, lebih aman dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Meskipun pada waktu sekarang banyak obat-obatan yang dibuat secara sintetik, tetapi tidak boleh kita abaikan arti tumbuhan sebagai penghasil bahan yang berkhasiat obat, seperti dapat kita lihat sendiri dari pengobatan, dan boleh dikatakan semua zat tersebut berasal dari tumbuhan, seperti antara lain : penicillin, streptomisin, kloromisetin, dan lain-lain. Kalau kita meninjau banyaknya tumbuhan yang bahannya dipakai dalam obat tradisional oleh mereka yang tak mengenal ilmu pengobatan modern, maka rasanya tinggal dilakukan suatu penyelidikan saja, dan macam-macam bahan tumbuhan itu memang beralasan, meskipun pemakaian dari bahan dasar ilmiah tidak digunakan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indonesia merupakan Negara yang agraris yang kaya akan floranya. Dimana flora-flora tersebut banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik sebagai tanaman hias maupun untuk pengobatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Obat-obatan, dalam bentuk tumbuh-tumbuhan dan mineral telah ada jauh lama dari manusianya sendiri, penyakit dari manusia dan naluri untuk mempertahankan hidup setelah bertahun-tahun, membawa kepada penemuan-penemuan. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penggunaan obat-obatan walaupun dalam bentuk yang sederhana tidak diragukan lagi sudah berlangsung sejak jauh sebelum adanya sejarah yang ditulis karena naluri orang-orang primitif untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit pada luka dengan merendamnya dalam air dingin atau menempelkan daun segar pada luka tesebut atau menutupinya dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">l</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">umpur, hanya berdasarkan pada kepercayaan. Orang-orang primitif belajar dari pengalaman dan mendapatkan cara pengobatan yang satu lebih efektif dari yang lain, dari dasar permulaan ini pekerjaan terapi dengan obat dimulai.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Semua tanaman obat harus memenuhi persyaratan aman, bermanfaat, dan sudah terstandarisasi agar dapat digunakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan adalah akasia.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) merupakan tanaman yang mampu tumbuh dengan cepat pada tanah marginal serta kayunya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. Akasia merupakan tanaman kayu yang dapat mencapai diameter cukup besar apabila telah mencapai umur tertentu. Tanaman akasia dapat tumbuh pada sebaran kondisi iklim yang sangat luas, dengan demikian dapat tumbuh dengan baik, hampir disembarang tempat. Sebagai salah satu tanaman yang cepat tumbuh, tanaman akasia telahbanyak tersebar diseluruh pulau di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Jawa, karena pohon akasia merupakan pohon yang serba guna mulai daun hingga perakarannya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk beragam keperluan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagian yang memberikan manfaat yang paling besar dari pohon akasia adalah batang kayunya. Denga harga yang cukup menggiurkan saat ini akasia banyak diusahakan untuk berbagai keperluan dalam bentuk kayu olahan berupa papan dengan ukuran tertentu sebagai bahan baku pembuat peti, papan penyekat, pengecoran semen dalam kontruksi, papan partikel dan bahan baku industry kertas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan pada beberapa keistimewaan itulsh tanaman akasia dapat dijadikan sebagai tanaman penghijauan atau sebagai sumber usaha yang cukup menjanjikan. Lebih penting lagi, kayu tanaman akasia memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kayu akasia memiliki prospek pasar yang cukup tinggi. Permintaannya bukan hanya di dalam negeri, namun juga datang dari mancanegara. Kayu ini dipergunakan antara lain untuk bahan bangunan, peralatan rumah tangga, sampai pada bahan baku lapis. Menurut Atsumosuseno (1998) dalam Hartati, (2006), kayu akasia memberi kontribusi sebesar 30% dari total konsumsi kayu di Jawa yang pada tahun 1995 mencapai 0,15 m3/kapita/tahun. Perum Perhutani hanya mampu melayani 5% dari seluruh kebutuhan kayu di Jawa. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas tanaman tersebut baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hal tersebut tentunya memberikan peluang dan tantangan besar khususnya bagi para pengusaha kayu khususnya di Indonesia untuk mengupayakan pemuliaan dan pembenihan akasia yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas dan produksi dengan dihasilkannya bibit yang berkualitas, seragam, dan stabil.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">mempelajari </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">morfologi dan anatomi tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">akasia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Acacia auriculiformis</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ) serta bagaimana cara identifikasi kandungan kimia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">secara umum?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagaimana cara pengolahan tanaman obat tersebut sehingga bisa dijadikan obat beserta cara penggunaannya?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun t</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">U</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ntuk memperoleh data farmakognosi dari tanaman</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> akasia (<i>Acacia<span> </span>auriculiformis</i>)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> dan kandungan kimia</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk meningkatkan sifat profesionalisme dari mahasiswa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh selama kuliah pada tahun pertama.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini, yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang morfologi, anatomi, dan kandungan kimia tanaman akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) sebagai obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang tanaman akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) dalam pemanfaatan obat modern.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat mengaplikasikan ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh selama kuliah pada tahun pertama.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat melengkapi dan mengembangkan materi-materi dasar yang telah dipelajari.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kontribusi Penelitian bagi IPTEK</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun yang dapat di kontribusikan penelitian bagi IPTEK:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan informasi ilimiah tentang morfologi, anatomi, dan kandungan kimia tanaman akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) sebagai obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang tanaman akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) dalam pemanfaatan obat modern.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Berpengalaman dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di industri yang relevan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tinjauan Tentang Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Acasia auriculiformis</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> yang dalam bahasa inggrisnya disebut <i>brown salwood</i> merupakan jenis tanaman yang sangat mudah beradaptasi dengan berbagai kondisi lahan dan menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang baik meskipun tumbuh pada tanah miring dan mudah tererosi. Jenis ini bersimbiosis dengan tanaman pengikat nitrogen pada marga <i>Rhizobium</i> dengan menjadi sumber nitrogen selain penumpukan yang cukupmenopang pertumbuhannya. <i>Acacia sp.</i> juga memiliki hubungan dengan beberapa jamur, antara lain <i>Thelephora ramariod, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicartum, </i>dan <i>Scutellispora.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia adalah genus dari semak-semak dan pohon yang termasuk dalam subfamily <i>Mimosaceae</i> dari family <i>fabaceae</i>, yang pertama kali diidentifikasi di Afrika oleh ahli botani Swedia, Carl Linnaeus, tahun 1773. Banyak spesies akasia non-Australia yang cenderung berduri, sedangkan mayoritas akasia Australia tidak. Akasia adalah tumbuhan polong, dengan getah dan daunnya biasanya mempunyai bantalan tannin dalam jumlah besar. Nama umum ini berasal dari <i>akakia</i>, nama yang diberikan oleh dokter –ahli botani Yunani awal Pedanius Dioscorides (sekitar 40-90 masehi) untuk pohon obat <i>A. nilotica</i> dalam bukunya Linnaeus dari jajaran pohon akasia yang paling terkenal di sepanjang sungai Nil. (</span><a href="http://www.akasia.wikipedia/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.akasia.wikipedia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1.1<span> </span>Sistematika Tanaman<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistematika <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> menurut Davidson (Sari, 2004) adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kingdom<span> </span>:<span> </span>Plantae</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Divisio<span> </span>:<span> </span>Spermatophyta</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sub divisio<span> </span>:<span> </span>Angiospermae</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Class<span> </span>:<span> </span>Dicotylodeneae</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ordo<span> </span>:<span> </span>Rosales</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Familia<span> </span>:<span> </span>Fabaceae</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sub familia<span> </span>:<span> </span> Mimosaceae</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Genus<span> </span>:<span> </span>Acacia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Species<span> </span>:<span> </span><i>Acacia auriculiformis</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Nama Daerah Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 99pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun nama daerahnya;<span> </span>akasia, kripikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerabat dekat : gom arab, srikonta, wartel, kengkeng, pilang, akasia mutiara, akasia mangium, akar kupak.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Nama inggris : earleaf acacia, earpod wattle. (</span><a href=""><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">file://G:/Akasia.tanaman obat.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Habitus <span> </span>:<span> </span>pohon, tinggi 15-20 m.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Batang<span> </span>:<span> </span>tegak, bulat, putih kotor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daun<span> </span>:<span> </span>majemuk, berhadapan, menyirip, lonjong, tepi rata, ujung<span> </span>dan pangkal tumpul, panjang 5-20 cm, lebar 1-2 cm, pertulangan menyirip, hijau.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bunga<span> </span>:<span> </span>majemuk, berkelamin dua, di ketiak daun, kelopak silindris, benang sari silindris, kepala sari bentuk ginjal, mahkota putih, bentuk seperti kuku, putih.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Buah <span> </span>:<span> </span>polong, masih muda hijau setelah tua coklat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biji <span> </span>:<span> </span>lonjong, pipih, coklat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akar<span> </span>:<span> </span>tunggang, putih kotor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(</span><a href=""><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">file://G:/Akasia.giantbooks.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Jaringan penyusun tubuh tumbuhan terdiri dari jaringan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan pelindung /epidermis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biasanya berupa selapis sel pipih dan terletak pada<span> </span>permukaan atas dan bawah daun. Pada jaringan ini terdapat kutikula, stomata, dan trikoma.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan dasar / parenkim (mesofil)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Terdiri dari jaringan tiang (mesofil palisade) berupa jaringan kompak dan rapat yang banyak mengandung kloroplas atau klorofil untuk fotosintesis, dan jaringan bunga karang (mesofil sponge) yang memiliki ruang antar sel yang luas. Pada mesofil seringkali kelenjar sekresi atau jaringan lateks, sel minyak, atau lendir, dan kristal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan pengangkutan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Terdiri dari xylem yang mengangkut air dan zat hara dari akar ke daun dan floem yang mengangkut hasil asimilasi keseluruh tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan mekanik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Berupa jaringan kolenkim yang menebal pada sudut-sudut sel (pada jaringan muda) dan sklerenkimyang menebal pada seluruh sel. Jaringan ini dijumpai pada bagian tulang daun. (Anonim ; 2009)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kandungan Kimia Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akar, daun, dan buah <i>Acacia auriculiformis </i><span> </span>mengandung saponin, di samping itu daun dan<span> </span>buahnya mengandung flavonoida dan buahnya juga mengandung polifenol. (</span><a href=""><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">file://G:/Akasia.tanaman obat.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ; 2 oktober 2010).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.6<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kegunaan Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia (<i>Acasia auriculiformis</i>) merupakan tanaman yang mampu tumbuh pada tanah berbatu serta kayunya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Tanaman jati dan akasia ini biasanya diperbanyak melalui perbanyakan secara generatif, yaitu dengan menggunakan biji, atau diperbanyak melalui perbanyakan secara vegetatif, yaitu dengan mencangkok dan stek. Namun untuk menanggapi permintaan pasar yang semakin meningkat tersebut, perbanyakan dengan cara konvensional tidaklah efektif untuk mendapatkan bibit yang unggul dan seragam dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Kegiatan </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ini dilakukan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">di </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan Yogyakarta yang beralamat di Jalan Palagan Tentara Pelajar Km. 15 Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta dari tanggal 1 Desember 2008 sampai 4 Februari 2009. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara orientasi, observasi, adaptasi dan pelaksanaan PKL.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagian yang memberikan manfaat yang paling besar dari pohon akasia adalah batang kayunya. Dengan harga yang cukup menggiurkan saat ini akasia banyak diusahakan untuk berbagai keperluan dalam bentuk kayu olahan berupa papan papan dengan ukuran tertentu sebagai bahan baku pembuat peti, papan penyekat, pengecoran semen dalam kontruksi, papan partikel dan bahan baku industri kertas.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan pada beberapa keistimewaan itulah tanaman akasia dapat dijadikan sebagai tanaman penghijauan atau sebagai sumber usaha yang cukup menjanjikan. Lebih penting lagi, kayu tanaman akasia memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. </span><a href="" name="prospek"></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kayu akasia memiliki prospek pasar yang cukup tinggi. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Permintaannya bukan hanya di dalam negeri, namun juga datang dari mancanegara. Kayu ini dipergunakan antara lain untuk bahan bangunan, peralatan rumah tangga, sampai pada bahan baku lapis. <span style="color: black;">Menurut Atmosuseno (1998) dalam Hartati, (2006), kayu akasia memberi kontribusi sebesar 30% dari total konsumsi kayu di Jawa yang pada tahun 1995 mencapai 0,15 m3/kapita/tahun. Perum Perhutani hanya mampu melayani 5% dari seluruh kebutuhan kayu di Jawa. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produtifitas tanaman tersebut baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hal tersebut tentunya memberikan peluang dan tantangan besar khususnya bagi para pengusaha kayu khususnya di Indonesia untuk mengupayakan pemuliaan dan pembenihan akasia yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas dan produksi dengan dihasilkanya bibit yang berkualitas, seragam dan stabil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada umumnya tanaman akasia diperbanyak melalui perbanyakan secara generatif, yaitu dengan menggunakan biji, atau diperbanyakan melalaui perbanyakan secara vegetatif, yaitu dengan mencangkok, stek, dll. Namun untuk menanggapi permintaan pasar yang semakin meningkat tersebut, perbanyakan dengan cara konvensional tersebut tidaklah efektif untuk mendapatkan bibit yang unggul dan seragam dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam perbanyakan secara konvensional diantaranya membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dalam pengadaan bibit dari mulai benih hingga menghasilkan biji kembali, selain itu dari segi genetik, kualitas bibit yang dihasilkan belum diketahui secara pasti dan tidak seragam. Namun seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi saat ini, teknik kultur jaringan merupakan alternatif dalam perbanyakan tanaman akasia</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Selain itu, akar <i>acacia auriculiformis</i> berkhasiat sebagai obat demam dan obat perut mulas. <u>Obat demam</u> : dipakai<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>±</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> 10 gram akar segar <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>, dicuci, dipotong-potong, direbus dengan 2 gelas air selama 15 menit, dinginkan dan disaring. Hasil saringan diminum dua kali sama banyak pagi dan sore. (</span><a href=""><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">file:///G:/Akasia.giantsbook.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ; 2 oktober 2010).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.1.7<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bioaktifitas Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Tanaman akasia mengandung saponin disamping itu daun dan buahnya mengandung flavonoida dan buahnya juga mengandung polifenol.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Akasia bersimbiosis dengan tanaman pengikat nitrogen pada marga Rhizobium dengan<span> </span>menjadi sumber nitrogen selain pemupukan yang cukup menopang pertumbuhannya. (</span><a href=""><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">file:///G/pdf.kultur jaringan tanaman akasia.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2. Tinjauan Tentang Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.1. Pengertian dan Sejarah Farmakognosi</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Istilah farmakognosi pertama kali dicetuskan oleh C.A.Seydler (1815) seorang peneliti kedokteran di Halle Jerman, farmakognosi berasal dari bahasa Yunani, <i>pharmakon</i> yang<span> </span>artinya ”obat” dan <i>gnosis</i> yang artinya</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sedangkan menurut J.A.Schmdit menggunakan istilah farmakognosi sebagai salah satu subjudul dari buku Lehrbrch der Materia Medica yagn diterbitkan di Vienna 1811. Ia mengartikan farmakognosi sebagai <i>pharma</i> (”obat”) dan <i>cognitif </i>(pengenalan), jadi farmakognosi ,merupakan cara pengenalan ciri-cir</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">i</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">/karakteristik obat yang berasal dari bahan alam.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Di Indonesia, bidang farmakognosi menjadi pengetahuan dasar dalam farmasis. Terutama bagi orang pengobat herbalis. Terkadang mereka tidak mengetahui bahan-bahan yang berbahaya seperti minyak jarak, biji saga, dan tempe borek. Itulah fungsi bagian dari ilmu farmakognosi. Pada hakekatnya,para pengobat herbalis itulah yang nyata-nyata merupakan praktisi farmakognosi yang pertama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2..2<span> </span>Ruang lingkup PemeriksaanFarmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.1<span> </span>Identifikasi dan Determinasi Tanaman (Steenis, 1997)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Menentukan kunci determinasi tanaman dilakukan berdasarkan bentuk morfologi tanaman, berdasarkan uraian tanaman secara lengkap melalui pendekatan hubungan kekerabatan (suku dan genus), nama daerah, alat-alat khusus yang terdapat pada tanaman tersebut tempat tumbuh. Untuk mempermudah determinasi tanaman dilakukan herbarium khusus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Herbarium adalah penyimpanan dan pengawetan tumbuhan. Herbarium dapat dibuat dengan dua cara yaitu cara kering dan cara basah,sesuai dengan namanya herbarium kering disimpan dalam keadaan kering. Sedangkan herbarium basah disimpan dalam keadaan basah dengan cairan tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Pembuatan herbarium tanaman dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan seluruh bagianj tanaman yang utuh (akar, batang dan daun) termasuk bagian-bagian khusus tanaman seperti bunga, buah dan biji. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.2.2<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman (gembong tjitrosoepomo, 1985)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Morfologi tumbuhan yang mempelajari bentuk dan susunan tubuh tumbuhan pun sudah demikian pesat perkembangannya hingga dipisahkan menjadi <i>morfologi luar </i>atau <i>morfologi saja</i> (morphology in sensu stricto = dalam arti yang sempit) dan <i>morfologi dalam</i> atau anatomi tumbuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Menurut definisinya, morfologi tumbuhan tidak hanya menguraikan bentuk dan susunan tubuh tumbuhan saja, tetapi juga bertugas untuk menentukan apakah fungsi masing-masing bagian itu dalam kehidupan tumbuhan, dan selanjutnya juga berusaha mengetahui dari mana asal bentuk dan susunan tubuh yang demikian tadi. Selain dari itu morfologi harus pula dapat memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan mengapa bagian-bagian tubuh tumbuhan mempunyai bentuk dan susunan yang beraneka ragam itu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.2.2.3<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Pengetahuan dari anatomi tumbuhan ini, mencakup tentang ilmu yang merangkum uraian organ, susunan,bagian atau fungsi dari organ tumbuhan itu,pemeriksaan ini bertujuan untuk mencari unsur-unsur anatomi meliputi berkas pembuluh, stomata serta fragmen pengenal jaringan serbuk yang khas guna mengetahui jenis-jenis simplisianya yang diuji berupa sayatan melintang, membujur, atau serbuk pada bagian-bagian tanaman (akar, batang, dan daun). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.2.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>Tabel 1.1 Identifikasi kandungan kimia</span></div><table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid rgb(50, 50, 50); height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">pereaksi</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pustaka</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lignin</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Floroglusin P + HCl P,diamati dibawah mikroskop.</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dinding sel merah.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanin:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Katekol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pirogalotanin</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan Brom</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1 N</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1 N</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan Brom</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Endapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hijau</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biru</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak terjadi endapan.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dioksiantrakinon</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">KOH 10% </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Etanol</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merah</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Fenol</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">FeCl<sub>3</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biru – Hitam</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Alkaloida</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mayer bouchard</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">+ HCl 0,5 N</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Endapan putih</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Steroid</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lieberman –</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Boucard</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merah /</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merah jambu</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 24.55pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Karbohidrat</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbuk + air, disentrifuge, + Molish + alfanaftol + HCl 20%</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 24.55pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Cincin Ungu</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pati dan Aleuron</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Iodin 0,1 N</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biru (pati)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kuning cokelat (aleuron)</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.9pt;" valign="top" width="157"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Saponin </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbuk + air panas (kocok) </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>®</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> berbuih + HCl 2 N</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(50, 50, 50) rgb(50, 50, 50) -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 25.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.65pt;" valign="top" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Buih tidak hilang</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.2.5<span> </span>Pemeriksaan mutu dan Standarisasi (Amin, 2007)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Identifikasi, meliputi pemeriksaan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>- Organoleptik : berupa bau, warna, dan rasa dari bahan simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">- Makroskopik : memuat uraian makroskopik paparan mengenai bentuk ukuran warna, dan bidang patahan/irisan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">- Mikroskopik : memuat paparan anatomis, penampang melintang simplisia, fragmen pengenal serbuk simplisia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">- Tetapan fisika : meliputi pemeriksaan indeks bias, bobot jenis, titiklebur, rotasi optik, mikrosublimasi, dan rekristalisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">- Kimiawi : meliputi reaksi warna, pengendapan, penggaraman,logam dan kompleks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">- Biologi : meliputi pemeriksaan mikrobiologi seperti penetapan angka kuman, pencemaran, dan percobaan terhadap hewan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3. Tinjauan Tentang Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3.1. Pengertian Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengertian simplisia menurut Farmakope Indonesia Edisi III adalah bahan alam yang digunakan sebagai obat yang belum mengalami pengolahan apapun juga, kecuali dinyatakan lain berupa bahan yang telah dikeringkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3.2. Penggolongan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Simplisia terbagi atas 3 golongan yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1. <span> </span>Simplisia nabati<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Simplisia yang dapat berupa tanaman utuh, bagian tanaman, eksudat tanaman atau gabungan antara ketiganya. Eksudat tanaman adalah isi sel yang secara spontan keluar dari tanaman atau dengan cara tertentu sengaja dikeluarkan dari selnya. Eksudat tanaman dapat berupa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">zat-zat atau bahan-bahan nabati lainnya yang dengan cara tertentu dipisahkan/ diisolasi dari tanamannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Simplisia Hewani</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Simplisia hewani adalah simplisia berupa hewan utuh atau zat-zat berguna yang dihasilkan oleh hewan dan belum berupa bahan kimia murni.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Simplisia Pelikan atau Mineral</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Simplisia pelikan atau mineral adalah simplisia berupa bahan pelikan atau mineral yang belum diolah atau telah diolah dengan cara sederhan dan belum berupa bahan kimia murni.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3.3. Cara Pembuatan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Adapun tahap-tahap proses pembuatan pembuatan simplisia meliputi<span> </span>(Gunawan, 2004 ) :</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengumpulan bahan baku</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Tahapan pengumpulan bahan baku sangat menentukan kualitas bahan baku. Faktor yang paling berperan dalam hal ini adalah masa panen. Berdasarkan garis besar pedoman panen, pengambilan bahan baku tanaman dilakukan sebagai berikut :</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biji</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengambilan biji dapat dilakukan pada saat mulai mengeringnya buah atau sebelum semuanya pecah.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Buah </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengambilan buah tergantung tujuan dan pemanfaatam kandungan aktifnya. Panen buah bisa dilakukan saat menjelang masak, setelah benar-benar masak atau dengan cara melihat perubahan warna./bentuk dari buah yang bersangkutan.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bunga</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Panen bunga tergantung dari tujuan pemanfaatan kandungan aktifnya. Panen dapat dilakukan pada saat menjelang penyerbukan, saat bunga masih kuncup, atau saat bunga sudah mulai mekar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daun <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Panen daun dilakukan pada saat proses fotosintesis berlangsung maksimal yaitu ditandai dengan saat-saat tanaman mulai berbunga atau buah mulai masak. Untuk pengambilan pucuk daun, dianjurkan dipungut pada saat warna pucuk daun berubah menjadi daun tua.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kulit batang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemanenan kulit batang hanya dilakukan pada tanaman yang sudah cukup umur. Saat panen yang paling baik adalah awal musim kemarau.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Umbi lapis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Panen umbi dilakukan pada saat akhir pertumbuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rimpang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Panen rimpang dilakukan pada saat awal musim kemarau.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Panen akar dilakukan pada saat proses pertumbuhan berhenti atau tanaman sudah cukup umur. Panen yang dilakukan terhadap akar umumnya akan mematikan tanaman yang bersangkutan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sortasi basah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sortasi basah adalah pemilahan hasil panen ketika tanaman masih segar. Sortasi dilakukan terhadap :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanaman kerikil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumput-rumputan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bahan tanaman lain atau bagian lain dari tanaman yang tidak digunakan,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagian tanaman yang rusak (dimakan ular dan sebagainya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pencucian </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pencucian simplisia dilakukan untuk membersihkan kotoran yang melekat, terutama bahan-bahan yang berasal dari dalam tanah dan juga bahan-bahan yang tercemar pestisida. Pencucian dilakukan dengan menggunakan air yang berasal daru beberapa sumber yakni mata air, sumur dan PAM.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengubahan Bentuk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada dasarnya tujuan pengubahan bentuk simplisia adalah untuk memperluas permukaan bahan baku. Semakin luas permukaan maka bahan baku akan semakin cepat kering. Proses pengubahan bentuk ini meliputi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">perajangan untuk rimpang, daun dan herba.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengupasan untuk buah, kayu, kulit kayu dan biji-bijian yang ukurannya besar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemiprilan khusus untuk jagung, yaitu biji dipisahkan dari bonggolnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemotongan untuk akar, batang, kayu, kulit kayu dan ranting.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyerutan untuk kayu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengeringan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Proses pengeringan simplisia, terutama bertujuan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurunkan kadar air sehingga bahan tersebut tidak mudah ditumbuhi kapang dan bakteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghilangkan aktivitas enzim yang bisa menguraikan lebih lanjut kandungan zat aktif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memudahkan dalam hal pengelolaan proses, selanjutnya (ringkas,mudah disimpan, tahan lama dan sebagainya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeringan yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Waktu pengeringan. Semakin lama dikeringkan akan semakin kering bahan itu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Suhu pengeringan. Semakin tinggi suhunya semakin cepat kering, tetapi harus dipertimbangkan daya tahan kandungan zat aktif di dalam sel yang kebanyakan tidak tahan panas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelembapan udara disekitarnya dan kelembapan bahan atau kandungan air dari bahan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ketebalan bahan yang dikeringkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sirkulasi udara.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Luas permukaan bahan. Semakin luas permukaan bahan semakin mudah kering.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>S</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ortasi Kering</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sortasi kering adalah pemilihan bahan setelah mengalami proses pengeringan. Pemilihan dilakukan terhadap bahan-bahan yang terlalu gosong, bahan yang rusak akibat terlindas roda kendaraan, atau dibersihkan dari kotoran hewan.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengepakan dan Penyimpanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Setelah tahap pengeringan dan sortasi kering selesai maka simplisia perlu ditempatkan dalam suatu wadah tersendiri agar tidak saling bercampur antara simplisia satu dengan yang lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengepakan dan penyimpanan simplisia adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">cahaya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">oksigen atau sirkulasi udara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">reaksi kimia yang terjadi antara kandungan aktif tanaman dengan wadah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyerapan air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kemungkinan terjadinya proses dehidrasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengotoran atau pencemaran, baik yabg diakibatkan oleh serangga, kapang, bulu-bulu tikus atau binatang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sementara persyaratan wadah yang akan digunakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Harus inert, artinya tidak mudah bereaksi dengan bahan lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak beracun bagi bahan yang wadahinya maupun bagi manusia yang mannganinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mampu melindungi bahan simplisia dari cemaran mikroba, kotoran dan serangga.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mampu melindungi bahan simplisia dari penguapan kandungan kaif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mampu melindungi bahan simplisia dari pengaruh cahaya, oksigen, dan uap air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3.4<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Mutu Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Tujuan pemeriksaan mutu simplisia agar diperoleh simplisia yang memenuhi persyaratan umum yang ditetapkan oleh Departemen Kesehatan RI dalam buku-buku resmi seperti <i>Materia Medika Indonesia, Farmakope Indonesia</i>, dan <i>Ekstra Farmakope Indonesia</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia Secara Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.1<span> </span>Penggolongan Tanaman berdasarkan Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Akasia adalah genus dari semak-semak dan pohon yang termasuk dalam subfamily <i>Mimosaceae</i> dari family <i>fabaceae</i>, yang pertama kali diidentifikasi di Afrika oleh ahli botani Swedia, Carl Linnaeus, tahun 1773. Banyak spesies akasia non-Australia yang cenderung berduri, sedangkan mayoritas akasia Australia tidak. Akasia adalah tumbuhan polong, dengan getah dan daunnya biasanya mempunyai bantalan tannin dalam jumlah besar. Nama umum ini berasal dari <i>akakia</i>, nama yang diberikan oleh dokter –ahli botani Yunani awal Pedanius Dioscorides (sekitar 40-90 masehi) untuk pohon obat <i>A. nilotica</i> dalam bukunya <i>Materia Medica</i>. Nama ini berasal dari kata bahasa Yunani karena karakteristik tanaman Akasia yang berduri (akis, “duri”). Nama spesies <i>nilotica</i> diberikan oleh Linnaeus dari jajaran pohon akasia yang paling terkenal di sepanjang sungai Nil. (</span><a href="http://www.akasia.wikipedia/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.akasia.wikipedia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Sampai dengan tahun 2005, ada diperkirakan sekitar 1300<span> </span>spesies akasia diseluruh dunia,sekitar 960 dari mereka adalah flora asli Australia, dengan sisanya tersebar didaerah tropis ke daerah hangat dan beriklim sedang dari kedua belahan bumi, termasuk Eropa,Afrika selatan, dan Amerika. Namun, genus ini kemudian dibagi menjadi lima, dengan nama <i>Acacia</i> hanya digunakan spesies Australia, dan sebagian besar spesies di luar Australia dibagi menjadi <i>Vachellia </i>dan <i>Senegalia</i>. (</span><a href="http://www.shoutmix.com/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.shoutmix.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> ; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.2<span> </span>Kegunaan Umum Tanaman Berdasarkan Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><i>Acacia auriculiformis<span> </span></i>merupakan tanaman yang dapat tumbuh pada tanah berbatu serta kayunya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. Komposisi media kultur jaringan Akasia menggunakan komposisi media MS (Murashige dan Skoog)<span> </span>yang digunakan untu inisiasi dan multiplikasi dan ditambah dengan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>2.3.3<span> </span>Cara Mengidentifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 99pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Reaksi Warna</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 99pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Reaksi warna dilakukan terhadap hasil penyarian zat berkhasiat baik sebagai hasil mikrosublimasi atau langsung terhadap irisan serbuk simplisia (Uji Histokimia). Terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lignin, Suberin, Kutin, Minyak lemak, Minyak atsiri, Getah dan resin, Pati dan aleuron, Lendir dan pectin, Selulosa, Tannin, Dioksiantrakinon bebas, Fenol, Saponin, Flavanoid, Karbohidrat, Glikosida, Glikosida antrakinon, Steroid.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 99pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Reaksi Pengendapan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Alkaloida</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Timbang 500 mg serbuk simplisia, tambahkan 1 ml asam klorida 2 N dan 9 ml air, panaskan diatas tangas air selama 2 menit, dinginkan, dan saring, pindahkan masing-masing 3 tetes filtrate pada dua kaca arloji :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tambahkan 2 tetes Mayer LP pada kaca arloji pertama, terbentuk endapan menggumpal berwarna putih</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tambahkan dua tetes Bouchardat LP pada kaca arloji kedua, terbentuk endapan berwarna coklat sampai hitam.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 99pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kromatografi Lapis Tipis</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 99pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kromatografi Lapis Tipis adalah salahsatu teknik pemisahan komponen kimia dengan prinsip adsorbsi dan partisi menggunakan lempeng berukuran 3x7 cm, yang dilapisi oleh silica gel sebagai fase adsorban (penyerap) atau disebut fase diam dan eluen berupa campuran beberapa atau fase gerak yang dapat memisahkan senyawa kimia dengan baik.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL, HIPOTESIS, DAN SKEMA KERJA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kerangka Konseptual</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><b><span style="color: black;"><span> </span></span></b><span style="color: black;">Obat tradisional<span> </span>Akasia<span> </span>aktivitas farmakologi</span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>Indonesia <span> </span><span> </span>pembersih darah</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" /> <div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pemeriksaan<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Farmakognosi<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Bioaktivitas<span> </span>Praklinik</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Invitro dan invivo</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>Kandungan Kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>dan Identifikasi</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>Kemotaksonomi</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
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</div><br clear="ALL" /> <div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>Pengembangan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span>Obat tradisional</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>dan Fitofarmako</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span> Tabel 3.1 Skema kerangka konseptual</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hipotesis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Kandungan kimia akar, daun, dan buah <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> mengandung saponin, disamping itu daun dan buahnya mengandung flavonoida dan buahnya juga mengandung polifenol. Berkhasiat sebagai obat demam dan obat perut mulas<span> </span>.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> </div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengumpulan</span> S<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ampel Darat / Laut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pemilihan Sampel yang Akan Digunakan</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pembuatan Herbarium Kering</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengawetan Sampel Darat / Laut Dengan Formalin</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengujian Anatomi dan Morfologi Sampel Darat</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengeringan Sampel Darat</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengujian Identifikasi Sampel Darat</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengujian Anatomi dan Morfologi Sampel Laut</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td> <div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Inventarisasi Simplisia</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.3<span> </span>Skema Kerja</span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tabel 3.2<span> </span>Skema Kerja<span> </span> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB IV</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MATERI DAN METODE PRAKTIKUM</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1<span> </span>Bahan, Alat dan Instrumen Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.1.1<span> </span>Bahan Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><span> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun bahan yang digunakan dalam praktikum ini sampel <i>Acacia auriculiformis </i><span> </span>(Tanaman Akasia)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1.2<span> </span>Bahan Kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ammonia 10%</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Asam sulfat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Aquadest</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Benzena</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Brom</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span>Etanol</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Formalin, <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">FeCl<sub>3</sub> P<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">HCl + meyer bouchardt</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Iod 0,1 N</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">KOH 10 %<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Liebermen bouchardt</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">N-butanol</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">N-heksan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Metil orange</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pereaksi Molish</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sudam III</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">α-naftol</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ZnSO<sub>4</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1.3<span> </span>Alat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Botol semprot</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Botol Coklat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cawang porselin</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cutter</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Deg gelas</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gegep Kayu</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Handscoon</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kompor listrik</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mikroskop</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Objek gelas</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Penjepit</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pinset</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pipet tetes</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Plat tetes</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pot plastik</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rak tabung</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sendok tanduk</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Silet gold</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sipiritus</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tabung reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1.4<span> </span>Instrumen</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.75in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Instrumen atau cara praktikum ini disesuaikan dengan jurnal praktikum tentang pembuatan simplisia dan pembuatan herbarium kering maupun basah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.2<span> </span>Lokasi Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Adapun lokasi praktikum ini dilaksanakan adalah di Lingkungan UjungBori, Desa Bulukunyi, Kecamatan Polebamkeng Selatan, Kabupaten Takalar. Waktu pelaksanaan praktek kerja lapangan ini dari tanggal 24-26 september<span> </span>2010.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3<span> </span>Prosedur Praktikum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Farmakognostik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaaan morfologi tumbuhan dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk fisik dari akar, batang, dan daun dari tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kemudian dilakukan pengambilan gambar, dan diidentifikasi lebih lanjut berdasarkan kunci determinasi menurut literatur.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 148.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -58.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.3.1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Identifikasi dan determinasi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 148.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.1.1.1<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -58.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Pengamatan dilakukan dengan melihat literatur dan jurnal yang ada</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 188.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -58.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>4.3.1.1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk sel dan jaringan pada tumbuhan pada bagian penampang melintang dan membujur dari akar, batang dan daun dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Sedangkan simplisia kering serbuk untuk melihat fragment-fragment dari tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis) </i></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">yang digunakan untuk obat.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.1.2<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1.2.1<span> </span>Pengambilan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -99pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengambilan Sampel, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ahan penelitian berupa daun, batang, dan akar dari tanaman</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>)</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">D</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">iambil pada jam </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">09</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.00 pagi di </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Desa Bulukunyi, Kecamatan Polebamkeng Selatan, Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -99pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.1.2.2<span> </span>Pembuatan Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 189pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Pengolahan Bahan, Bahan penelitian berupa daun yang telah diambil, dikeringkan dalam ruangan yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung, setelah kering dipotong-potong kecil.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 189pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 189pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -58.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.1.2.3<span> </span>Pemeriksaan Mutu Simplisia </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -99pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>a. Organoleptik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 202.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan organoleptis tumbuhan dilakukan untuk mengamati warna, bau, dan rasa dari bagian tanaman </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>yang masih segar meliputi akar, batang, dan daun.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b. Makroskopik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 202.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan makroskopik tanaman dilakukan untuk mengamati mengenai bentuk ukuran, warna dan bidang irisan dari tanaman Akasia (<i>Acacia auriculiformis</i>).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 189pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c. Mikroskopik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 202.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan mikroskopik tanaman dilakukan untuk mengamati paparan anatomis, penampang melintang simplisia, fragmen pengenal serbuk simplisia <i>Akasia folium</i>, dan <i>Akasia fructus</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.1<span> </span>Lignin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Irisan atau serbuk dibasahi dengan larutan Fluroglusin P. Diperiksa dalam HCl P, dinding sel yang berlignin akan berwarna merah.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.2<span> </span>Suberin, kutin, minyak lemak, minyak atsiri, getah dan resin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Bahan yang akan diperiksa diletakkan diatas kaca objek, gambarkan beberapa tetes Sudan III LP, bahan dapat dijernihkan dengan kloralhidarat LP, kecuali bahan yang mengandung minyak atsiri. Biarkan selama 30 menit sampai-48menit dalam bejana tertutup yang didalamnya terdapat cawan berisi etanol 90% P. Bagian yang mengandung suberin, kutin, minyak lemak, minyak atsiri, getah dan resin berwarna jingga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji adanya sterol dengan reaksi <i>Liebermann Burchard</i> :sepuluh tetes minyak lemak atau 0,5 g adeps lanae dilarutkan dalam 5 ml kloroform, tambahkan asam cuka anhidrida 1 liter dan asam sulfat pekat 2 tetes dengan hati-hati. Campur dan amati warna yang terjadi ! reaksi positif yang terjadi warna hijau zamrud.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.3<span> </span>Pati dan Aleuron</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Tambahkan iodium 0,1 N pada bahan yang akan diperiksa, pati berwarna biru, dan aleuron berwarna kuning coklat sampai coklat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.4<span> </span>Lendir dan pectin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Letakkan serbuk atau bahan diatas kaca objek, ditambahkan beberapa tetes Merah Ruthenium Lp, tutup dengan kaca penutup biarkan selama 15 menit, lendir asam dan pectin berwarna merah intensif.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.5<span> </span>Selulosa</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Bahan ditambahkan larutan seng (II) klorida beriodium, memberikan warna ungu merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.6<span> </span>Zat samak/Tanin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a. Pirogalotanin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sampel dibasahi dengan larutan FeCl<sub>3, </sub>menghasilkan warna biru.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sampel dibasahi dengan larutan Brom, tidak terjadi endapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbuk ditambahkan dengan NaOH, jikamengandung tannin akan menghasilkan warna merah coklat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.7<span> </span>Turunan katekol</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sampel ditambahkan larutan Brom, akan terjadi endapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sampel dibasahi dengan FeCl<sub>3 </sub>1 N, menghasilkan warna hijau.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 153pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Letakkan bahan atau serbuk diatas kaca objek ditambahkan larutan vanillin P 10% b/v dalam etanol 90% P, dalam asam klorida P,bagian yang mengandung turunan katekol berwarna merah intensif.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.8<span> </span>Dioksiantrakinon bebas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbuk dalam tabung reaksi ditambahkan Kalium Hidroksida etanol LP, warna merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.9<span> </span>Fenol</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Mikrosublimasi dilakukan dengan cara serbuk dalam vial dilarutkan dengan air, dan ditutup dengan objek gelas dan diatas objek gelas diberi kapas, dipanaskan hingga menyublin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 135pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil mikrosublimasi tambahkan fosfomolibdat asam sulfat LP, terjadi warna biru.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 135pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil mikrosublimasi tambahkan asam diazobenzensulfonat LP, terjadi warna biru.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 135pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ekstrak methanol ditambahkan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 173.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan besi (III) klorida 1%, terbentuk warna ungu biru</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 173.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pereaksi Millon, terbentuk warna merah ungu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 173.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pereaksi Indofenol, terbentuk warna hijau biru yang stabil.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.10<span> </span>Saponin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbuk dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi, tambahkan 10 ml air panas, dinginkan kemudian kocok kuat-kuat selama 10 detik, terbentuk buih, lalu tambahkan 1 tetes HCl 2 N, buih tidak hilang maka sampel mengandung saponin.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.11<span> </span>Flavonoid</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Sari 0,5 g serbuk yang diperiksa dengan 10 ml methanol dengan alat pendingin balik selama 10 menit, saring panas, encerkan filtrate dengan 10 ml liter air, setelah dingin tambahkan eter minyak tanah, kocok hati-hati, biarkan. Ambil lapisan methanol, uapkan pada suhu > 40<sup>o </sup>C dibawah tekanan, sisa dilarutkan dalam 5 ml liter etanol 95% P, tambahkan 0.1 g serbuk magnesium P dan 10 ml liter asam klorida P, jika terjadi warna merah jingga-merah ungu berarti ada flavanoid dan jika kuning jingga terdapat flavon, kalkon, dan auron.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.12<span> </span>karbohidrat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Serbu</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">k</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> dikocok dengan air lalu dimasukkan dalam tabung reaksi ditetesi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 139.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">reaksi Mollish, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan cincin ungu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 139.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">reaksi Luff, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan endapan merah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 139.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">reaksi Fehling A dan Fehling B, jika mengandung karbohidrat akan menghasilkan endapan kuning jingga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.13<span> </span>Glikosida</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ekstrak methanol dimasukkan dalam 3 tabung reaksi, dan ditambahkan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan besi (III) klorida 3 ml dan 1 ml<span> </span>asam klorida P, terjadi warna coklat kemerahan perlahan berubah menjadi violet atau ungu.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pelarut benzen 5 ml, pisahkan larutan benzene ditambahkan 3 ml larutan ammonia 10%,terbentuk warna merah pucat.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larutan ammonia encer 3,5% lalu dikocok terjadi warna merah lembayung.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.14<span> </span>Glikosida Antrakinon</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Dicampur 200 mg serbuk simplisia dengan 45 ml asam sulfat encer P, dididihkan sebentar, didinginkan,tambahkan 10 ml benzene P, kocok, diamkan. Pisahkan lapisan benzene, saring, filtrat berwarna kuning, menunjukkan adanya antrakinon. Kocok lapisan benzene dengan 1-2 ml NaOH LP, diamkan, lapisan air berwarna merah intensif, dan lapisan benzene tidak berwarna.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.3.2.15 Steroid</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 121.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ekstrak eter dalam tabung reaksi kemudian ditetesi dengan pereaksi Liebermann-Buchard jika mengandung steroid akan menghasilkan warna biru sampai hijau.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>4.3.2.16 Alkaloida</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 121.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Timbang 500 ml serbuk simplisida,tambahkan 1 ml asam klorida 2 N dan 9 ml air, panaskan diatas tangas air selama 2 menit, dinginkan dan saring, pindahkan masing-masing 3 tetes filtrate pada 2 kaca arloji :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tambahkan 2 tetes Mayer LP pada kaca arloji pertama, terbentuk endapan menggumpal berwarna putih.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>©<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tambahkan 2 tetes Bouchardat LP pada kaca arloji ke-2 , terbentuk endapan berwarna coklat sampai hitam.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB V</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">HASIL PENGAMATAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5.1<span> </span>Identifikasi dan Determinasi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Menentukan kunci determinasi tanaman dilakukan berdasarkan bentuk morfologi tanaman, berdasarkan uraian tanaman secara lengkap melalui pendekatan hubungan kekerabatan (suku dan genus), nama daerah, alat-alat khusus yang terdapat pada tanaman tersebut tempat tumbuh. Untuk mempermudah determinasi tanaman dilakukan herbarium khusus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Adapun determinasi dari tanaman akasia dengan family <i>Fabaceae</i> adalah: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 6b, 7b, 9b, 10b, 11b, 12b, 13b, 14a, 15a, 109b, 119b, 120a, 121a, 146b, 154a, 245a, 266a, 286b, 288a, 289b.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5.2<span> </span>Morfologi Tanaman<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Habitus <span> </span>:<span> </span>pohon, tinggi 15-20 m.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Batang<span> </span>:<span> </span>tegak, bulat, putih kotor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Daun<span> </span>:<span> </span>majemuk, berhadapan, menyirip, lonjong, tepi rata, ujung<span> </span>dan pangkal tumpul, panjang 5-20 cm, lebar 1-2 cm, pertulangan menyirip, hijau.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bunga<span> </span>:<span> </span>majemuk, berkelamin dua, di ketiak daun, kelopak silindris, benang sari silindris, kepala sari bentuk ginjal, mahkota putih, bentuk seperti kuku, putih.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Buah <span> </span>:<span> </span>polong, masih muda hijau setelah tua coklat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biji <span> </span>:<span> </span>lonjong, pipih, coklat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Akar<span> </span>:<span> </span>tunggang, putih kotor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 1.1 : Morfologi Tanaman Akasia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5.3<span> </span>Anatomi Tanaman</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Gambar 2.1 : Daun membujur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Gambar 2.2 : Daun melintang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Gambar 2.3 : Akar membujur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Gambar 2.4 : Akar melintang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5.4<span> </span>Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Simplisia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Setelah melakukan percobaan praktikum dengan mengidentifikasi kandungan kimia simplisia, didapat hasil berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uji identifikasi meliputi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pati dan Aleuron : dengan menambahkan larutan Iodium 0,1 N, menghasilkan warna kuning kecoklatan. Maka akasia mengandung aleuron.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dioksiantrakinon : menambahkan KOH 10% tambah Etanol manghasilkan warna merah. Maka menunjukkan, bahwa akasia mengandung dioksiantrakinon.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Saponin : serbuk ditambah dengan air panas sampai berbuih dengan tinggi </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>±</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> 10 cm, ditambahkan HCl, kocok, buih tidak hilang. Maka menunjukkan mengandung saponin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Flavonoid :<span> </span>serbuk ditambahkan FeCl<sub>2</sub> dan HCl P menghasilkan warna merah. Maka menunjukkan bahwa akasia mengadung flavonoid.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 117pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Suberin, kutin, minyak atsiri, minyak lemak : ditambahkan sudan III ditambah kloralhidrat dan diamati dibawah mikroskop. Maka didapat pada dinding sel serbuk akasia menghasilkan warna merah. Menunjukkan bahwa akasia mengandung minyak atsiri. Karna jika berwarna jingga maka mengandung suberin,kutin atau minyak lemak.</span></div><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB VI</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat tradisional adalah obat yang berasal dari bahan tumbuh-tumbuhan, hewan,mineral, atau sediaan galeriknya atau campuran dari bahan-bahan tersebut yang belum mempunyai data klinis dan dipergunakan dalam usaha pengobatan. Obat tradisional juga dikatakan campuran kompleks dari ekstrak tanaman dan insekta berbentuk amorf atau padat yang dibentuk dalam ruang-ruang zkizogen dan zlikozigen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Obat tradisional dalam masyarakat selain memiliki keuntungan juga memiliki kerugian. Adapun keuntungan dari obat tradisional yaitu, mudah diperoleh atau didapatkan, harganya terjangkau, efek samping yang ditimbulkan tidak terlalu berbahaya bahkan tidak menimbulkan efek samping sama sekali.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerugian obat tradisional yaitu tidak praktis dalam penggunaannya, penggunaan obat tradisional dalam tubuh menimbulkan reaksi yang lambat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Survey mengenai inventarisasi tanaman obat bertujuan agar kita mendapatkan informasi keanekaragaman obat yang ada pada suatu wilayah, mendapatkan informasi teknik dan cara penggunaan tanaman obat untuk pengobatan tradisional dan masyarakat terhadap obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Survey ini diadakan guna mengetahui bagaimana cara membudidayakan tanaman obat tradisional dan mengetahui penggolongan–penggolongan dari tanaman obat tersebut beserta khasiat yang terkandung di dalam tanaman obat tradisional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Adapun hasil dari pengamatan tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa tanaman bandotan mengandung beberapa kandungan kima seperti; aleuron, dioksiantrakinon, saponin, flavonoid, dan minyak atsiri. Ini menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil pengamatan dengan hasil literature, adalah benar dan sama. Berarti tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa, sesuai dengan literature, akasia mengandung obat yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit demam, dan perut mulas. Jika diteliti lebih lanjut terutama batang pohonnya, pada literature mengatakan bahwa pohon akasia termasuk pohon jati atau sejenisnya yang tercepat dalam pertumbuhannya. Alangkah baik dan bijak seandainya, masih ada waktu untuk meneliti, bahwa faktor apa saja,tekandung apa, sehingga batangnya dapat dengan mudah tumbuh dibandingkan dengan pohon yang lainnya. Sehingga ini dapat menjadi acuan dan penambahan dalam bertambahnyan hutan lindung di Indonesia, terutama pohon-pohon untuk dipinggir jalan yang semakin berkurang dan mengkhawatirkan, baik pula untuk mengurangi dampak globalisasi saat ini, membantu dalam peningkatan ozon untuk menghindari efek rumah kaca. Jadi, manfaatnya bukan hanya sebagai obat, tetapi juga dalam masalah global yang sedang mengancam. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Akasia merupakan tanaman perdu yang memiliki juga,percepatab untuk gugur (daundan buahnya). Buahnya yang unik serta manfaatnya yang masih kurang diteliti. Karna hanya sedikit saja literature yang membahas masalah tanaman akasia. Serta penelitian dari praktikan sendiri masih terbatas. Semoga suatu saat dapat menambah modal bagi ilmu pengetahuan dalam masyarakat dan bangsa selanjutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB VII</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PENUTUP</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7.1<span> </span>Kesimpulan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanaman bandotan merupakan tanaman perdu yang memiliki banyak manfaat,<span> </span>mulai dari batang, daun hingga buahnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memilki anatomi yang baik, dan mempunyai stomata bertipe anomositik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengandung kandungan kimia yaitu : minyak atsiri, kurkumin, diaksiantrakinon, saponin, dan flavonoid. Ini menunjukkan bahwa, hasil praktikum denga literature adalah sama dan benar.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -49.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7.2<span> </span>Saran</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span><span style="color: black;">Diharapkan dalam praktikum maupun penyampaian tentang praktikum, serta tugas-tugas pembuatan dalam praktikum, agar disampaikan secara jelas dan riil, agar praktikan dapat dengan mudah dan efisien dalam menjalankannya.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt;"><br />
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</div><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Amin, A., 2005., <b><i>Penuntun Praktikum Farmakognosi</i></b>, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Attamimi., 2003., <b><i>Wawasan Ilmu Farmasi</i></b>, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar.,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dharma, A.P. 1985. <b><i>Tanaman Obat Tradisional Indonesia</i></b>. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PN Balai Pustaka; Jakarta.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Depdiknas RI. 1985. <b><i>Farmakope Indonesia Edisi III</i></b>. Departemen Kesehatan RI; </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirawati., 2005., <b><i>Penuntun Praktikum Farmaseutik</i></b>, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sastronoamidjojo., 2001.,<b> <i>Obat Asli Indonesia</i></b>, Dian Rakyat, Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tjay Tan Hoan., 2002., <b><i>Obat-obat penting Edisi V</i></b>, PT. Elex Media Komparindo,Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<u>http://www.akasia.wikipedia</u><span> </span>; 2 oktober 2010)<span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(<u>file://G:/Akasia.tanaman obat.htm</u>; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<u>file://G:/Akasia.giantbooks.htm</u> ; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<u>file:///G/pdf.kultur jaringan tanaman akasia.htm</u>)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(<u>http://www.shoutmix.com</u> ; 2 oktober 2010)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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